Kyung Hee University · Engineering
Professor Wook Park's research lab specializes in developing advanced anti-counterfeiting technologies and secure authentication systems using novel nanomaterials and physical unclonable functions (PUFs). The lab focuses on creating highly unique, irreproducible micro- and nanostructures—such as wrinkle-based codes, QR-coded microtaggants, and chaotic phosphorescent patterns—enabling robust product authentication in pharmaceuticals, IoT devices, and high-security labeling. By integrating optical decoding, DNA-based data storage, and self-organized 3D microstructures, the lab pioneers smart, scalable, and tamper-resistant security solutions for real-world applications.
Figures are computed from collected data and may differ slightly.
An unclonable, fingerprint-mimicking anti-counterfeiting strategy is presented that encrypts polymeric particles with randomly generated silica film wrinkles. The generated wrinkle codes are as highly unique as human fingerprints and are technically irreproducible. Superior to previous physical unclonable functions, codes are tunable on demand and generable on various geometries. Reliable authentication of real-world products that have these microfingerprints is demonstrated using optical decodi
A QR-coded microtaggant for the anti-counterfeiting of drugs is proposed that can provide high capacity and error-correction capability. It is fabricated lithographically in a microfluidic channel with special consideration of the island patterns in the QR Code. The microtaggant is incorporated in the drug capsule ("on-dose authentication") and can be read by a simple smartphone QR Code reader application when removed from the capsule and washed free of drug.
Since the 4th Industrial Revolution, Internet of Things based environments have been widely used in various fields ranging from mobile to medical devices. Simultaneously, information leakage and hacking risks have also increased significantly, and secure authentication and security systems are constantly required. Physical unclonable functions (PUF) are in the spotlight as an alternative. Chaotic phosphorescent patterns are developed based on an organic crystal and atomic seed heterostructure fo
A series of Dy3+ ion single-doped and Dy3+/Eu3+ ion co-doped white-light emitting SrY2O4 nanocrystalline phosphors were synthesized by a citrate sol–gel method. After the samples were annealed at 1300 °C, the X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed their orthorhombic structure. The particles were closely-packed and their optical properties were monitored by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Dy3+ ions acted as luminescent centers and substituted Y3+ ions in the SrY2O4 host lattice, where they are
DNA-based data storage has attracted attention because of its higher physical density of the data and longer retention time than those of conventional digital data storage. However, previous DNA-based data storage lacked index features and the data quality of storage after a single access was not preserved, obstructing its industrial use. Here, DNA micro-disks, QR-coded micro-sized disks that harbor data-encoded DNA molecules for the efficient management of DNA-based data storage, are proposed.
Sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) structures found in nature are self-organized by bottom-up natural processes. To artificially construct these complex systems, various bottom-up fabrication methods, designed to transform 2D structures into 3D structures, have been developed as alternatives to conventional top-down lithography processes. We present a different self-organization approach, where we construct microstructures with periodic and ordered, but with random architecture, like mazes. Fo
Rectangular fluidic channels have rarely been used in microfluidic devices which use PDMS membrane-type microvalves, since the rectangular channel shape does not perfectly match the round shape of the membrane deformation. We present a polymer sealing method to fabricate PDMS membrane-type microvalves for rectangular microchannels. After fabricating the microfluidic device, photocurable oligomer is introduced into the fluidic channel and gas pressure is applied to the pneumatic channel to deform
We demonstrate the microfluidic sorting of directionally oriented (anisotropic) microstructures by their orientational state in solution using the concept of railed microfluidics. After being injected into a microfluidic channel, the microstructures rotate and flip in various directions. In order to sort microstructures in an organized way, we designed the microstructures and the microchannel to allow for orientation-based control of microstructure movement. In order to sort microstructures base
Recently, considerable research efforts to achieve advanced design of promising electroactive materials as well as unique structures in supercapacitor electrodes have been explored for high-performance energy storage systems. We suggest the development of novel electroactive materials with an enlarged surface area for sandpaper materials. Based on the inherent micro-structured morphologies of the sandpaper substrate, nano-structured Fe-V electroactive material can be coated on it by facile elect
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) enable different characteristics according to the purpose, such as easy to access identification, high security level, and high code capacity, against counterfeiting a product. However, most multiplex approaches have been implemented by embedding several security features rather than one feature. In this paper, we present a high security level anti-counterfeiting strategy using only labyrinth wrinkle patterns with different complexities, which can be used as
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted interest in demonstrating authentication and cryptographic processes for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. We demonstrated four-dimensional PUFs (4D PUFs) to realize time-varying chaotic phosphorescent randomness on MoS<sub>2</sub> atomic seeds. By forming hybrid states involving more than one emitter with distinct lifetimes in 4D PUFs, irregular lifetime distribution throughout patterns functions as a time-varying disorder that is impossible t
Understanding tissue engineering using a bottom-up approach has been hindered by technical limitations because no platform can demonstrate the controlled formation of a heterogeneous population of cells in microscale. Here, we demonstrate hierarchical shape-by-shape assembly of virus-laden particles into larger ones to transfect two different genes on the seeded cells. We show that smaller daughter particles with different sizes and shapes can be assembled into the matching indentations of large
As an urgent international challenge, the sudden change in climate due to global warming needs to be addressed in the near future. This can be achieved through a reduction in fossil fuel utilization and through carbon sequestration, which reduces the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere. In this study, a self-sustainable impact sensor is proposed through implementing a triboelectric nanogenerator with a CaCO<sub>3</sub> contact layer fabricated via a CO<sub>2</sub> absorption method
Anti-counterfeiting technologies for small products are being developed. We present an anti-counterfeiting tag, a grayscale pattern of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a flexible substrate. The anti-counterfeiting tag that is observable with a thermal imaging camera was fabricated using the characteristics of silver nanowires with high visible light transmittance and high infrared emissivity. AgNWs were patterned at microscale via a maskless lithography method using UV dicing tape with UV patterns. B
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