장민석

The optical absorption properties of periodically patterned graphene plasmonic resonators are studied experimentally as the graphene sheet is placed near a metallic reflector. By varying the size and carrier density of the graphene, the parameters for achieving a surface impedance closely matched to free-space $({Z}_{0}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}377\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\Omega})$ are determined and shown to result in 24.5% total optical absorption

"Rainbow trapping" has been proposed as a scheme for localized storage of broadband electromagnetic radiation in metamaterials and plasmonic heterostructures. Here, we articulate the dispersion and power flow characteristics of rainbow trapping structures, and show that tapered waveguide structures composed of dielectric core and metal cladding are best suited for light trapping. A metal-insulator-metal taper acts as a cascade of optical cavities with different resonant frequencies, exhibiting a

New light is shed on the previously known perovskite material, Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ , as a potential active material for high-efficiency thin-film Pb-free photovoltaic cells. First-principles calculations demonstrate that Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ has an optimal band gap that is close to the Shockley-Queisser value. The band gap size is governed by intermediate band formation. Charge disproportionation on Au makes Cs₂ Au₂ I<sub>6</su

Dynamic high-resolution wavefront modulation of light is a long-standing quest in photonics. Metasurfaces have shown potential for realizing light manipulation with subwavelength resolution through nanoscale optical elements, or metaatoms, to overcome the limitations of conventional spatial light modulators. State-of-the-art active metasurfaces operate <i>via</i> phase modulation of the metaatoms, and their inability to also independently control the scattered amplitude leads to an inferior reco

Graphene is a room temperature ballistic electron conductor and also a very good thermal conductor. Thus, it has been regarded as an ideal material for postsilicon electronic applications. A major complication is that the relativistic massless electrons in pristine graphene exhibit unimpeded Klein tunneling penetration through gate potential barriers. Thus, previous efforts to realize a field effect transistor for logic applications have assumed that introduction of a band gap in graphene is a p

The increasing demand on a versatile high-performance metasurface requires a freeform design method that can handle a huge design space, which is many orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional fixed-shape optical structures. In this work, we formulate the designing process of one-dimensional freeform Si metasurface beam deflectors as a reinforcement learning problem to find their optimal structures consistently without requiring any prior metasurface data. During training, a deep Q-ne

Polaritonic modes in low-dimensional materials enable strong light–matter interactions and the manipulation of light on nanometer length scales. Very recently, a new class of polaritons has attracted considerable interest in nanophotonics: image polaritons in van der Waals crystals, manifesting when a polaritonic material is in close proximity to a highly conductive metal, so that the polaritonic mode couples with its mirror image. Image modes constitute an appealing nanophotonic platform, provi

Photo-modulation is a promising strategy for contactless and ultrafast control of optical and electrical properties of photoactive materials. Graphene is an attractive candidate material for photo-modulation due to its extraordinary physical properties and its relevance to a wide range of devices, from photodetectors to energy converters. In this review, we survey different strategies for photo-modulation of electrical and optical properties of graphene, including photogating, generation of hot

Near-field mapping has been widely used to study hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in van der Waals crystals. However, an accurate measurement of the polaritonic loss remains challenging because of the inherent complexity of the near-field signal and the substrate-mediated loss. Here we demonstrate that large-area monocrystalline gold flakes, an atomically flat low-loss substrate for image polaritons, provide a platform for precise near-field measurement of the complex propagation constant of polarit

Achieving high emission efficiency in solid-state quantum dots (QDs) is an essential requirement for high-performance QD optoelectronics. However, most QD films suffer from insufficient excitation and light extraction efficiencies, along with nonradiative energy transfer between closely adjacent QDs. Herein, we suggest a highly effective strategy to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of QD composite films through an assembly of QDs and poly(styrene-<i>b</i>-4-vinylpyridine)) (PS-<i>b</i>-P4VP) b

Abstract Despite high scientific and technological potential, nanophotonics research in the mid‐infrared regime remains relatively less explored compared to other frequency bands, largely because the mid‐infrared requires a totally different set of optical materials. Polaritons in layered 2D materials, or van der Waals (vdW) crystals, provide a new set of building blocks for mid‐infrared nanophotonics. Herein, the recently reported polaritonic properties of various vdW crystals are summarized in

Abstract Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α‐MoO 3 ), a newly discovered polaritonic van der Waals crystal, is attracting significant attention due to its strongly anisotropic mid‐infrared phonon‐polaritons. At the same time, coupling of polariton with its mirror image in an adjacent metal gives rise to a significantly more confined image mode. Here, monocrystalline gold flakes—an atomically flat low‐loss substrate for mid‐infrared image polaritons—are employed to measure the full complex‐valued

Controlling the wavefront of light, especially on a subwavelength scale, is pivotal in modern optics. Metasurfaces present a unique platform for realizing flat lenses, called metalenses, with thicknesses on the order of the wavelength. Despite substantial effort, however, suppressing the chromatic aberrations over large operational bandwidths of metalenses still remains a challenge. Here, we develop a systematic design method enabling a simultaneous, polarization-insensitive control of the phase

Abstract The optical properties of thin‐film light emitting diodes (LEDs) are strongly dependent on their structures due to light interference inside the devices. However, the complexity of the design space grows exponentially with the number of design parameters, making it challenging to optimize the optical properties of multilayer LEDs with rigorous electromagnetic simulations. In this work, we demonstrate an artificial neural network that can predict the light extraction efficiency of an org

We develop a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for simulating the dynamics of graphene electrons, denoted GraFDTD. We then use GraFDTD to study the temporal behavior of a single localized electron wave packet, showing that it exhibits optical-like dynamics including the Goos–Hänchen effect [F. Goos and H. Hänchen, Ann. Phys. 436, 333 (1947)] at a heterojunction, but the behavior is quantitatively different than for electromagnetic waves. This suggests issues that must be addressed in d