Han-Sol Choi

The rhythmic motor pathway activation by pacemaker neurons or circuits in the brain has been proposed as the mechanism for the timing of motor coordination, and the abnormal potentiation of this mechanism may lead to a pathological tremor. Here, we show that the potentiation of Ca(V)3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channels in the inferior olive contributes to the onset of the tremor in a pharmacological model of essential tremor. After administration of harmaline, 4- to 10-Hz synchronous neuronal activities a

BACKGROUND: Thoroughbred horses are the most expensive domestic animals, and their running ability and knowledge about their muscle-related diseases are important in animal genetics. While the horse reference genome is available, there has been no large-scale functional annotation of the genome using expressed genes derived from transcriptomes. RESULTS: We present a large-scale analysis of whole transcriptome data. We sequenced the whole mRNA from the blood and muscle tissues of six thoroughbred

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is the third deadliest among all cancers worldwide. Although incidence of the intestinal-type gastric cancer has decreased, the incidence of diffuse-type is still increasing and its progression is notoriously aggressive. There is insufficient information on genome variations of diffuse-type gastric cancer because its cells are usually mixed with normal cells, and this low cellularity has made it difficult to analyze the genome. RESULTS: We analyze whole genomes and cor

Intensive study of the organic extract of the marine-derived bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490 has yielded three new α-pyrones, saccharomonopyrones A–C (1–3). The chemical structures of these compounds were assigned from the interpretation of 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometry data. Saccharomonopyrone A (1) is the first α-pyrone microbial natural product bearing the ethyl-butyl ether chain in the molecule, while saccharomonopyrones B and C possess unusual 3-methyl and a 6-alkyl side-chain wi

Two piloquinone derivatives isolated from Streptomyces sp. CNQ-027 were tested for the inhibitory activities of two isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which catalyzes monoamine neurotransmitters. The piloquinone 4,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1- oxopentyl)-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (1) was found to be a highly potent inhibitor of human MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 1.21 μM; in addition, it was found to be highly effective against MAO-A, with an IC50 value of 6.47 μM. Compound 1 was selecti

BACKGROUND: The ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) of courting male mice are known to possess a phonetic structure with a complex combination of several syllables. The genetic mechanisms underlying the syllable sequence organization were investigated. RESULTS: This study compared syllable sequence organization in two inbred strains of mice, 129S4/SvJae (129) and C57BL6J (B6), and demonstrated that they possessed two mutually exclusive phenotypes. The 129S4/SvJae (129) strain frequently exhibited a "

ABSTRACT Predictive processing models suggest that a brain decides actions through inference using its internal generative model over the world’s states and their transitions. Most of the predictive processing models have been formalized using explicit representations of the probability distributions, with explicit structures and parameters. They are difficult to learn in general and needs explanation about representation of structure and parameters of distributions, and the method for statistic

Abstract—In humans and animals, reward prediction error encoded by dopamine systems is thought to be important in the temporal difference learning class of reinforcement learning (RL). With RL algorithms, many brain models have described the function of dopamine and related areas, including the basal ganglia and frontal cortex. In spite of this importance, how the reward prediction error itself is computed is not understood well, including the problem of how the current states are assigned to a

In humans and animals, reward prediction error encoded by dopamine systems is thought to be important in the temporal difference learning class of reinforcement learning (RL). With RL algorithms, many brain models have described the function of dopamine and related areas, including the basal ganglia and frontal cortex. In spite of this importance, how the reward prediction error itself is computed is not understood well, including the problem of how the current states are assigned to a memorized

Objective: Socioeconomic status (SES) can have diverse health effects and contribute as a strong risk factor in premature morbidity and mortality of diseases. However, only a few studies have suggested that SES could influence on kidney function. Thus, we investigated the association of SES with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged Korean population. Design and Method: This cross-sectional analysis included 4847 participants (1869 men and 2978 women) who completed baseline health examinat