Hee-Seung Lee

BACKGROUND: Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic with partial agonist actions at micro- and kappa-opioid receptors (MOR and KOR). Previous studies have demonstrated that both MOR antagonists and KOR agonists are effective in alleviating intrathecal morphine-induced itch in primates. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of butorphanol as an antipruritic and to elucidate the receptor mechanisms underlying butorphanol's antipruritic effect in primates. METHODS: Adult rhesus monke

How neuropeptides in the primate spinal cord regulate itch and pain is largely unknown. Here we elucidate the sensory functions of spinal opioid-related peptides and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in awake, behaving monkeys. Following intrathecal administration, β-endorphin (10-100 nmol) and GRP (1-10 nmol) dose-dependently elicit the same degree of robust itch scratching, which can be inhibited by mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor and GRP receptor (BB2) antagonists, respectively. Unlike β-endor

코로나 바이러스 감염증-19 (COVID-19)의 세계적인 유행과 위협으로 인하여 대학뿐 아니라 초, 중, 고등학교의 교수방법과 학습방법에 지금껏 교육현장에서 경험하지 못한 대대적인 변화가 2020-1학기 동안 시행되었다. 기존의 전통적인 교수방법에서 벗어나 비대면 수업으로의 전환으로 인하여 교육 현장에서의 인터넷 및 스마트기기의 사용은 일반적으로 여겨지는 학습형태로 자리매김 되었다. 수업의 진행을 위해, 교수자는 수업 관련 동영상을 제작 또는 실시간 강의를 통하여 학생들의 학습이 이루어지게 하였으며 강의 자료를 기반으로 한 과제 제출은 2020학년도 1학기 시행되는 온라인 교육의 일반적인 학습형태가 되었다. 온라인 강의 시행 한 학기가 지난시점에, 본 연구에서는 지금껏 교수자와 학습자 모두가 경험하지 못한 온라인 강의에 대한 음악대학 학생들의인식을 알아보기 위하여 2020년 6월, 수도권 대학에서 피아노 연주를 전공으로 하는 학부생들(N=42)을 중심으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연

Pentax-AWS for tracheal intubation has greater hemodynamic stability than the Macintosh blade laryngoscope.

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects’ outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall,body composition, blood l

Binary classification, an act of sorting items into two classes by setting a boundary, is biased by recent history. One common form of such bias is repulsive bias, a tendency to sort an item into the class opposite to its preceding items. Sensory-adaptation and boundary-updating are considered as two contending sources of the repulsive bias, yet no neural support has been provided for either source. Here, we explored human brains of both men and women, using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) can be defined as the "increased perception of pain after opioid-based anesthesia and surgery" since hyperalgesia is defined as "increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain." OIH has been identified mainly after remifentanil-based anesthesia in surgical patients given the high dose and rapid withdrawal used. The mechanisms of OIH have been postulated mainly by the cellular-level adaptation in internalization of the receptors and down

The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is a very rare technique performed in cases of fetal congenital malformations. The EXIT procedure increases the rate of survival at delivery by maintaining the uteroplacental circulation until the airway of the fetus is secured. To maintain the uteroplacental circulation, a higher dose of inhalational anesthetics and/or intravenous nitroglycerin can be used as compared to conventional Cesarean section. The aim of this report is to share our ane

I.t. N/OFQ exerted an antinociceptive effect in both phases of the rat-formalin test through the nociceptin opioid peptide receptor. In addition, the results suggested that δ- and μ-opioid receptors, but not κ-opioid receptors, are involved in the antinociceptive effects of N/OFQ in the spinal cord of rats.

Dexmedetomidine prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acts as an inflammatory marker. This study investigated the HMGB1 levels and the cognitive function using a Mini-Cog© score in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with dexmedetomidine infusion. In total, 128 patients aged ≥ 65 years were analyzed. The patients received saline in the control group and dexmedetomidine in the dexmedetomidine group until the end of surgery.

This purpose of this study is to research on the influence on the creation of young generation’s street fashion of pop stars focused on pop music given the fact that fashion can be created by popular culture in this multi-media era. Also, this study is to provide useful data for the activation of the creation of young fashion culture and the fashion industry through pop stars’ fashion. The pop stars’ fashion that has affected young street fashion is as follows : Elvis Presley's rock'n'roll style

Hyperalgesia is defined as increased from a stimulus that normally provokes pain by the International Association of the Study of Pain. Therefore, perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) could be defined as increased perception of after opioid-based anesthesia and surgery. OIH have been identified mainly after remifentanil-based anesthesia in surgical patients. The cumulative, high dose of remifentanil and rapid withdrawal may be factors in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Although OIH

O besity, that is, having a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m 2 , has increased dramatically and became the most single most common preventable cause of death in South Korea. In the end, obesity results in metabolic syndrome, which includes abdominal obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. Nonsurgical methods for obesity treatments include dietary therapy, exercise counseling, behavioral therapy, psychiatric therapy, and ph

1. Objectives To examine appearances and body shapes is essential of diagnosing Sasang constitution. Although there are many parts and ways to examine appearances, examination of abdomen would be so necessary and important. We focused on angles of costal arch according to Sasang constitution so that we can find some specialty of each constitution. 2. Methods We measured the angles of costal arch of 173 participants who were diagnosed as Sasang constitution after treatments and analyzed by ANOVA