Il‐Sug Chung

A III–V/Si vertical-cavity in-plane-emitting laser structure is suggested and numerically investigated. This hybrid laser consists of a distributed Bragg reflector, a III–V active region, and a high-index-contrast grating (HCG) connected to an in-plane output waveguide. The HCG and the output waveguide are made in the Si layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer by using Si-electronics-compatible processing. The HCG works as a highly-reflective mirror for vertical resonance and at the same time rout

We experimentally demonstrate an optically-pumped III-V/Si vertical-cavity laser with lateral emission into a silicon waveguide. This on-chip hybrid laser comprises a distributed Bragg reflector, a III-V active layer, and a high-contrast grating reflector, which simultaneously funnels light into the waveguide integrated with the laser. This laser has the advantages of long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, such as low threshold and high side-mode suppression ratio, while allowi

A widely-tunable single-mode 1.3 μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure incorporating a microelectromechanical system-tunable high-index-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) mirror is suggested and numerically investigated. A linear tuning range of 100 nm and a wavelength tuning efficiency of 0.203 are predicted. The large tuning range and efficiency are attributed to the incorporation of the tuning air gap as part of the optical cavity and to the use of a short cavity structure. Th

A polarization-independent, high-index contrast grating (HCG) with a single layer of cross stripes allowing simple fabrication is proposed. Since the cross stripes structure can be suspended in air by selectively wet-etching the layer below, all the layers can be grown at once when implemented for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We optimized the structure to have a broad and high reflectivity band centered at around 1 μm using a finite difference time domain method, and obtained an 80 n

A theoretical study of differences in broadband high-index-contrast grating (HCG) reflectors for TM and TE polarizations is presented, covering various grating parameters and properties of HCGs. It is shown that the HCG reflectors for TM polarization (TM HCG reflectors) have much thicker grating thicknesses and smaller grating periods than the TE HCG reflectors. This difference is found to originate from the different boundary conditions met for the electric field of each polarization. Due to th

A method to tune the cavity-mode wavelength of resonant cavity-enhanced photodetectors (RCE-PDs) is proposed. The proposed method can enable monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and RCE-PDs to be a cost-competitive choice for bidirectional optical interconnection by reducing the amount of component and packaging costs presently involved. The properly tuned cavity-mode wavelengths remain effectively aligned within a temperature range of -10/spl deg/C/spl sim/50/spl de

A new vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure employing a thin microlens is suggested and numerically investigated. The laser can be made to emit in either a high-power Gaussian-shaped single-fundamental mode or a high-power doughnut-shaped higher-order mode. The physical origin of the mode selection properties of the new structure is rigorously analyzed and compared to other structures reported in the literature. The possibility of engineering the emission shape while retaining strong

Photon's effective mass is an important parameter of an optical cavity mode, which determines the strength of light-matter interaction. Here, we propose a novel method for controlling the photon's effective mass by using coupled photonic cavities and designing the angular dependence of the coupling strength. This can be implemented by employing a high-contrast grating (HCG) as the coupling reflector in a system of two coupled vertical cavities, and engineering both the HCG reflection phase and a

In recent years, various approaches to improve the speed of directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been reported and demonstrated good improvement. In this paper, we propose and numerically investigate a new possibility of using high-index-contrast grating (HCG) as mirror for VCSELs. By changing the grating design, one can control the reflection delay of the grating mirror, enabling the control of cavity photon lifetime. On the other hand, short energy penetrati

Ultrashort-cavity structure for III-V/SOI vertical cavity laser with light output into a Si waveguide is proposed, enabling 17 fJ/bit efficiency or 120 Gbit/s speed. Experimentally, 27-GHz bandwidth is demonstrated at 3.5 times of threshold.

Both the reflectivity and the reflection delay of a quarter wave mirror (QWM) can be controlled by choosing the outermost layer of the QWM appropriately. For a GaAs∕Al0.75Ga0.25As QWM, depositing a Si layer as the incoming outermost layer decreases the reflectivity to the same degree as removing 19.6 layers, and increases the reflection delay by 12.0 times. Likewise, when using a TiO2 layer, the reflectivity decreases to a level similar to the removal of 16.1 layers while the reflection delay is

A new vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure employing a dielectric photonic crystal mirror has been suggested and been numerically investigated. The new structure has a smaller threshold gain, a moderate strength of single-transverse-mode operation, a high quality of emission beam free from the scattering, and a potential of considerably increasing the single-mode output power.

Various high-index-contrast sub-wavelength grating (HCG) mirror designs have been investigated. It reveals that transverse magnetic (TM-) and transverse electric (TE-) HCG reflect the incident fields in quite different ways and that the TM-HCG enables very thin gap below the grating. Based on these results, a new HCG VCSEL design with a thin oxide gap has been suggested. The thin oxide gap structure has a number of advantages including easier fabrication, better mechanical stability, and very st

A novel long wavelength VCSEL structure incorporating a subwavelength grating mirror, an embedded air gap and a tunnel junction is suggested. The laser has very strong single-mode characteristics and strong polarization stability.

A widely-tunable single-mode long wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure employing a MEMStunable high-index-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) is suggested and numerically investigated. A very large 80- nm linear tuning range was obtained as the HCG was actuated by -220 to 250 nm. The large tuning range results from making the air gap part of the optical cavity, which was achieved by inserting an antireflection layer below the air gap and by the absence of partial top DBR