Jahyeong Choi
Sungkyunkwan University · Social Sciences
About the Lab
Professor Jahyeong Choi's research lab specializes in the historical sociology of education and social stratification in modern Japan, with a focus on how elite institutions like Tokyo Imperial University (Tōdai) shaped meritocracy, class formation, and national identity. The lab investigates the institutionalization of educational hierarchies, the construction of middle-class identities, and the interplay between education, statecraft, and social mobility in post-feudal Japan. It also examines the role of educational institutions in mediating broader societal transformations, including the professionalization of sports and the development of welfare systems.
Research Overview
Research Output Trend
Figures are computed from collected data and may differ slightly.
Selected Papers
15This article explores how Tokyo Imperial University, the oldest Japanese state university, came to be perceived as the top school in meritocratic Japan. Educational sociologists have investigated the institutionally defined hierarchy among universities in modern Japan but have rarely debated why the hierarchy persisted after the abolishment of privileges given exclusively to students of Tokyo Imperial University. This article historicizes the university’s superiority as an idea reshaped through
This paper examines the Sports Purification Movement (supōtsu jōka undō) initiated in 1930 by alumni of Tokyo Imperial University in the context of changing middle-class identity in modern Japan. The idea of amateur sports, which considers sports to be a space separate from both reality and work, faced serious challenges as sports came to be understood as a means of money-making and employment in interwar Japan. Tōdai alumni problematized the ‘professionalization of student sports’, which, they
고등교육이 확대되면 사회적 유동성이 늘어나서 더 평등한 사회가 될 것이라는 20세기 중반 교육사 회학자들의 담대한 주장에도 불구하고, 왜 여전히 교육기관들이 갖는 사회적 위상은 학교마다 현격한 차이를 보이고 있을까? 이 글은 승격을 통한 고등교육의 확대라는 후발국 일본의 독특한 경험에 주목 하며, 대학과 대학사이의 격차 및 4년제 대학과 그보다 교격이 아래인 학교들의 격차가 어떻게 생겨 나고 유지되는지를 해명한다. 19세기 말 일본 학교제도의 설계자들은 이 학교에서 양성하는 국가의 근대화를 책임질 인재들의 채용자이기도 했다. 그들은 일본 최초의 대학인 (도쿄)제국대학의 졸업자에 상당한 직업적 특권을 부여하며 정부를 운영하는 데 필요한 분야의 관료, 기업인, 교육자가 될 수있게 도와주었고, 후발국 일본의 직업 사회는 고등교육과 직결된 높은 급여를 받는 정신노동자의 직업들과 고등교육과 연결되지 않는 낮은 급여의 육체노동자의 직업들로 대별되게 되었다. 후발학교의 교육자와 학생들은 정신노동
This dissertation argues that Tokyo Imperial University (Tōdai), the top school in Japan promoted the rise of a middle-class society in modern Japan. This dissertation clarifies how the university served as a transnational platform where Japanese educators accepted the idea of the middle class as the "core" of a new Japan, and eventually produced a mass middle-class society, that is, a society with a widely shared middle-class identity. In so doing, the study historicizes the enrichment of the m
19세기 말 일본은 출생이 사회적 지위를 정하던 신분제 사회에서 경쟁적인 필기시험으로 개인의 지위가 정해지는 능력주의 사회로 이행했다. 그런데, 능력주의 사회에서도 입학경쟁에서 출생의 가치가 사라진 것은 아니었다. 이 논문은 근대 일본 혈연귀족인 화족들의 교육기관인 학습원(学習院)을 통해, 화족으로서의 출생이 근대 능력주의 사회에서 어떻게 재조정되는지 해명한다. 학습원은 소학교, 중학교, 그리고 고등학교 수준의 프로그램을 운영했는데, 학생은 일단 소학교 프로그램에 입학하면 고등학교 프로그램까지 무시험으로 진학할 수 있었다. 설립 당초에는 학습원에 대학과 프로그램이 설치되었고, 고등과 졸업생들을 무시험으로 받았기 때문에, 화족의 아들들은 출생만으로 학사학위를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나, 학습원 고등과 졸업생들이 도쿄제국대학 등 다른 대학에 진학하며 학습원 대학과는 결국 폐지되었다. 대학과 폐지 이후인 1900년도부터 학습원의 고등과(高等科)에 입학한 학생들은 이때까지 제국대학의 미달학과
How did the Japanese establish a medical welfare system? In answering this question, historians of modern Japan have accentuated the assertive role of state bureaucrats, especially from those of the Home Ministry (naimushō). Historians of Japanese medicine also emphasized the role of the state. William Johnston, in his pioneering work on tuberculosis in Japan, explored the rise of a hygiene administration on this disease as a state enterprise. In the medical history of Japan, scholars highlighte
Echoing the Cold War mission of the United States to promote democratic, egalitarian, and economically prosperous societies, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) leaders led research projects on education policies to buttress the expansion of higher education. The Japanese government joined this initiative and had a meeting with the OECD’s Education Committee in Paris to discuss the future direction of Japanese education in 1970. When the OECD’s education experts assessed
This article explores how the ideological conflict between the left and the right was compromised the lens of the Kamisato Youth Corps (kamisato seinenkai). Members of this organization declined the leadership of the village mayor and elected their representative for themselves. In the 1930s, they transformed this organization as a machine of the state for economic revitalization and war efforts, and continued to operate to support the local community after the war. In this process, youths embra
Abstract: How can we assess the impact of the ideology of female domesticity on women's higher education and professional opportunities? This article examines this question through the lens of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School, Japan's first tertiary educational institution for women. Graduates of this school established for the propagation of gender ideology joined a respectable profession, that of teaching. They used this ideology to justify the upgrade of their alma mater to the rank of univ
Abstract Historians have extensively explored conflicts and reconciliation between labor and management, but have hardly considered how class hierarchy took shape and persisted. This article explores the birth of class hierarchy through the lens of the Tokyo Worker School. While education bureaucrats created this school as a training ground for skilled workers, the school's educators helped their students join white-collar positions and avoid the stigma against manual labor. By tracing this proc
The Tokyo Imperial University (Tōdai) Settlement was a student volunteer organization that provided services such as legal consultation, education, medical care, and childcare to working-class communities. Participants in the organization managed the Labor School (rōdō gakkō) and helped train prominent labor activists, including Ashika Kaku. These liberal students exemplified a trickle-down effect of higher education by sharing their knowledge with less privileged segments of Japanese society. U
경제협력개발기구(OECD)는 소련 공산주의에 대항하는 미국과 서유럽 국가들의 경제적 번영을 위해 1961년 설립된 국제기구로, 교육이 경제부흥에 효과가 있다는 교육 사회학자들의 믿음이 국제사회에서 받아들여지자, 이 기구는 빠르게 교육정책을 토론하는 국제사회의 장으로 거듭났다. 민주적이고 평등하며 경제적으로 번영하는 자유진영의 구축이라는 미국의 냉전 전략에 공명하며, 경제협력개발기구의 지도자들은 교육 정책에 관한 연구 사업을 이끌고 각국의 고등교육을 확장하는 교육개혁에 대해 자문했다. 많은 정부가 이 국제기구의 지도력을 활용하여 자국의 고등교육 팽창정책을 옹호했고, 1964년 가입한 일본 정부는 1970년 1월 경제협력개발기구의 교육조사관을 초빙하여 자국의 교육정책에 대한 전반적인 평가를 받고, 그해 말 이 기구의 본부가 있는 파리에 문부성 관료들을 일본대표단을 파견, 일본의 교육노선에 관한 토론을 벌였다. 그런데 이 협력이 순조롭게만 진행된 것은 아니었다. 일본 교육제도의 성취와 한
In the Interwar period, students at Tokyo Imperial University (Tōdai) began to receive a series of welfare perks regarding funding support, part-time job opportunities, and housing. This campus was not only a community of research and leisure, but also a community of living, while students at this university became recipients of welfare support. How could they be the recipients of welfare support although apparently they were not the most impoverished? This article explores the student welfare p
In the late nineteenth century, competitive written examinations for educational credentials and professions surfaced as a critical determinant of one’s social standing in Japan. But birth was still critical in credential competition in Japanese meritocracy. This article explores how the value of aristocratic birth was rearranged in modern meritocracy through the lens of Gakushūin, a Peer’s School created by leading Japanese aristocrats (kazoku), in 1877 to recreate hereditary aristocrats as mer
Summary This study explores how radical students from the Faculty of Medicine at Tokyo Imperial University emerged as social activists fighting for egalitarian access to medical services. I focus on Komiya Yoshitaka (1900–76), Soda Takemune (1902–84) and Shiga Hidetoshi (1902–2004), who became leaders of state agencies for public hygiene and low-cost clinics in post-1945 Japan. By analysing their careers, I highlight that their professional privileges and elite social networks were critically im
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