Jungwon Kim

We review the most recent progress in ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and fiber-based frequency-comb sources. With the rapid progress in theory, measurement, and control of noise in passively mode-locked fiber lasers, we have reached the point where the residual carrier–envelope-offset phase jitter (when stabilized) and pulse timing jitter performance of such laser sources can be fully optimized to the unprecedented levels of attoseconds regime. In this paper, first, major principles in

For the converter parallel operation, the current sharing between modules is important for the reliability of the system. Among several current sharing schemes, the droop method needs no interconnection between modules, which implies true redundancy. But the droop method has poor voltage regulation and poor current sharing characteristics. In this paper, a novel droop method is proposed for the converter parallel operation, which adaptively controls the reference voltage of each module. This gre

The paper describes research towards the use of an artificial immune system (AIS) for network intrusion detection. Specifically, we focus on one significant component of a complete AIS, static clonal selection with a negative selection operator, describing this system in detail. Three different data sets from the UCI repository for machine learning are used in the experiments. Two important factors, the detector sample size and the antigen sample size, are investigated in order to generate an ap

This paper investigates the role of negative selection in an artificial immune system (AIS) for network intrusion detection. The work focuses on the use of negative selection as a network traffic anomaly detector. The results of the negative selection algorithm experiments show a severe scaling problem for handling real network traffic data. The paper concludes by suggesting that the most appropriate use of negative selection in the AIS is as a filter for invalid detectors, not the generation of

One significant feature of artificial immune systems is their ability to adapt to continuously changing environments, dynamically learning the fluid patterns of 'self' and predicting new patterns of 'non-self'. This paper introduces and investigates the behaviour of dynamiCS, a dynamic clonal selection algorithm, designed to have such properties of self-adaptation. The effects of three important system parameters: tolerisation period, activation threshold, and life span are explored. The abiliti

Timing jitter characterization of optical pulse trains from free-running mode-locked lasers with attosecond resolution is demonstrated using balanced optical cross correlation in the timing detector and the timing delay configurations. In the timing detector configuration, the balanced cross correlation between two mode-locked lasers synchronized by a low-bandwidth phase-locked loop is used to measure the timing jitter spectral density outside the locking bandwidth. In addition, the timing delay

Conversion of analog signals into digital signals is one of the most important functionalities in modern signal processing systems. As the signal frequency increases beyond 10 GHz, the timing jitter from electronic clocks, currently limited at approximately 100 fs, compromises the achievable resolution of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Owing to their ultralow timing jitter, the use of optical pulse trains from passively mode-locked lasers has been considered to be a promising way for sampl

We demonstrate a self-aligned balanced cross correlator based on a single type-II phase-matched periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal. The birefringence of the crystal generates a walk-off between the two orthogonally polarized pulses. This enables the balancing of the cross correlator with input pulses at the same center wavelength. As a first application of this single-crystal balanced cross correlator, we stabilized a 310 m long optical fiber link for timing distribution with long-term stable 10

Abstract We review our recent progress toward attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics based on ultra‐low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode‐locked lasers. In femtosecond mode‐locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond‐resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub‐

Abstract Timing jitter is one of the most important properties of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and optical frequency combs. Accurate measurement of timing jitter power spectral density (PSD) is a critical prerequisite for optimizing overall noise performance and further advancing comb applications both in the time and frequency domains. Commonly used jitter measurement methods require a reference mode-locked laser with timing jitter similar to or lower than that of the laser-under-test, which

A synchronization scheme for extraction of low-jitter rf signals from optical pulse trains, which is robust against photodetector nonlinearities, is described. The scheme is based on a transfer of timing information into an intensity imbalance of the two output beams from a Sagnac loop. Sub-100-fs timing jitter between the extracted 2-GHz rf signal and the 100-MHz optical pulse train from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated.

A balanced optical-microwave phase detector for the extraction of low-jitter, high-power, and drift-free microwave signals from optical pulse trains is presented. The phase detection is based on electro-optic sampling with a differentially biased Sagnac loop. Because the timing information is transferred in the optical domain, the regenerated microwave signal is robust against drifts and photodetector nonlinearities. In a first experimental implementation, 3 fs in-loop relative timing jitter (in