Kyuwon Lee

Impairment of astrocytic glutamate transporter (GLT-1; EAAT2) function is associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and manganism, the latter being induced by chronic exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn). Mn decreases EAAT2 promoter activity and mRNA and protein levels, but the molecular mechanism of Mn-induced EAAT2 repression at the transcriptional level has yet to be elucidated. We reveal that transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is critical

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPR30 contributes to the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2); however, the mechanisms associated with this protection have yet to be elucidated. Given that E2 increases astrocytic expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), which would prevent excitotoxic-induced neuronal death, we proposed that GPR30 mediates E2 action on GLT-1 expression. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the effects of G1, a selective agonist of GPR30, and GPR30 s

Background:Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, enhances glutamate transporter (GLT-1) expression in astrocytes.Results: TX up-regulated GLT-1 expression via the CREB and NF-κB pathways.Conclusion: TX enhanced GLT-1 expression at the transcriptional level.Significance: Understanding the mechanisms of TX action on GLT-1 will contribute to the development of neuroprotectants against excitotoxicity.Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exerts antagonistic effe

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence is being used for rehabilitation, including monitoring exercise compliance through sensor technology. AI classification of shoulder exercise wearing an IMU sensor has only been reported in normal (i.e. painless) subjects. To prove the feasibility of monitoring exercise compliance, we aimed to classify 11 types of shoulder rehabilitation exercises using an AI (artificial intelligence) algorithm in patients with shoulder pain. We had the patients wear an IMU-bas

There is growing concern about the movement of individuals from private sectors to bureaucracies, yet it is unclear how bureaucratic revolving doors affect connected firms’ political participation. We argue that when connected individuals enter government, connected firms reduce their proactive forms of participation because their connected bureaucrats possess firm-specific technical and legal knowledge to help them achieve their policy objectives. We test our intuition by constructing a novel d

Metal electrodeposition and dissolution on a transparent electrode enable dynamic switching between the opaque and transparent states, respectively. To be used as dynamic windows, a fully black state must be achieved while maintaining reversibility. Cu is a top candidate that meets the latter criterion but fails the former, producing its characteristic orange tint. As a result, metal additives are often mixed with Cu ions but at the expense of some degree of reversibility. Here, a truly black st

This study was conducted to identify the sensory profiles of gochujang dressing prepared with different formulations, and to compare hedonic responses crossculturally. Gochujang dressing samples were prepared by varying levels of gochujang and sugar. The sensory attributes of the samples were examined by 8 descriptive analysis panelists. Consumers from Korea (n=50), China (n=34), and the US (n=26) participated in the consumer test. Sourness and pungency of the samples were decreased by adding mo

Repeated tasting of spicy foods could affect the accuracy of sensory evaluation because of the accumulating and lasting of burning sensation. Therefore, protocols are needed to overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 milk based palate cleansers varying in fat and sucrose level on discrimination of burning sensation of capsaicin samples prepared at different concentrations. The effects were observed at 3different interval lengths (1, 3, and 5 min) us

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral microbleed (CMB) detection impacts disease diagnosis and management. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI depictions of CMBs are used with phase images (SWIP) to distinguish blood from calcification, via qualitative intensity evaluation (bright/dark). However, the intensities depicted for a single lesion can vary within and across consecutive SWIP image planes, impairing the classification of findings as a CMB. We hypothesize that quantitative susceptibility

Biogenic amines (BAs), which are mainly generated by the microbial decarboxylation of amino acids, are important nitrogen compounds in fermented foods because of their toxicology. However, amino acids, the precursors of BAs, also play an important role in generating volatile and non-volatile metabolites, which are strongly associated with quality indicators for foods. Bacillus subtilis is one of dominant fermentative microorganism in various fermented foods and is well known as a BA-producing ba

BACKGROUND: To maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood vessels dilate and contract in response to blood supply through cerebrovascular reactivity (CR). PURPOSE: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is associated with increased stroke risk, but which risk factors specifically impact CR is unknown. STUDY TYPE: Prospective longitudinal. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy or stenting. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR). ASSESSMENT: We evalu

우리나라 건강기능식품은 지속적인 성장세에 힘입어 2017년 건강기능식품의 판매실적이 2조2,374억 원으로 최근 4년간 연평균 10.6%씩 증가하였다. 이러한 시장의 성장과 함께 건강기능식품 섭취로 인한 이상사례 역시도 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세로 2006년부터 2018년 7월까지 건강기능식품 이상사례 신고센터에 5,127건이 신고되었다. 본 연구에서는 이 신고내역의 세부 증상으로 10,370건을 분류하여 이 중 간 기능과 관련된 440건과 관련된 57가지 기능성 원료를 도출하였고, 이상 증상 신고 건수 상위 5가지 원료에 대한 복합 병용 섭취에 대한 학술 문헌과 세포 시험을 진행하였다. 대상으로 선정된 백수오등복합추출물, 가르시니아 캄보지아추출물, 녹차추출물, 알로에전잎추출물, 쏘팔메토 열매추출물의 간독성과 관련된 학술자료에서는 5가지 원료별로 과량 또는 복합 섭취에 대한 자료들이 보고되고 있고, 세포 손상 실험을 MTT assay를 통해 확인했을 때 녹차추출물과 다른 기능성 원료

Monte Carlo simulation was employed to study the phase transition in the classical Heisenberg ferromagnet with variable interlayer interactions. The measured transition temperatures show a strong logarithmic dependence on J/J', where J and J' are the intralayer and the interlayer exchange interaction, respectively. The results were compared with the theoretical expectations and an empirical formula for the critical coupling was btained.