Sang-Wook Jin

Background: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used brominated flame-retardants, is a representative persistent organic pollutants group. Studies on TBBPA toxicity have been conducted using various target cells; however, few studies have investigated TBBPA toxicity in bone cells. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro effects of TBBPA on osteoclasts, a cell type involved in bone metabolism. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were cultured in medium containing 50 ng/mL receptor a

This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII from 2007 to identify the prevalence of obesity and its phenotypes (metabolically unhealthy obesity [MUO] and metabolically healthy obesity [MHO]) and their secular changes. The prevalence of obesity in Korea increased with significant secular changes observed (β=0.326, <i>P</i> trend <0.01) between 2007 and 2017, and especially in men (β=0.682, <i>P</i> trend <0.001) but not in women. The changes in the

Background: Recently, a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% has been determined to be a criterion for diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is a widely used marker for the diagnosis of DM. However, HbA1c may be influenced by a number of factors. Anemia is one of the most prevalent diseases with an influence on HbA1c; however, its effect on HbA1c varies based on the variable pathophysiology of anemia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anemia on HbA1c levels. Methods: Anemic subjects

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the pituitary, parathyroid, and endocrine-gastrointestinal tract. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) occur in about 40% of MEN1 cases, with 10% being the first manifestation. Recent studies show a slight female predominance, with microPitNETs (<1 cm) being more common than macroPitNETs (>1 cm). Functional PitNETs (FPitNETs) are more frequent than non-functional ones (36% to 48%), with p

Celiac disease is an intestinal autoimmune disorder, triggered by ingestion of a gluten-containing diet in genetically susceptible individuals. The genetic predisposition is related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, especially HLA-DQ2-positive patients. The prevalence of celiac disease has been estimated to be ~1% in Europe and the USA, but it is rarer and/or underdiagnosed in Asia. We report a case of celiac disease in a predisposed patient, with a HLA-DQ2 heterodimer, and Graves

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is a widely accepted confirmatory test for thyroid cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. FNA is a simple procedure that is learned by many clinicians to enable accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer. However, it is assumed that because the FNA test is a relatively simple procedure, its cytologic results are reliable regardless of the operator’s experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the diagnostic indices

Acromegaly is a chronic disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion. In most cases, the excess GH originates from GH-producing pituitary adenomas. Surgery is the preferred first-line treatment for patients with acromegaly, but medical management is considered when the disease persists after surgery or in cases where patients refuse surgery or are poor candidates for surgery. Somatostatin analogues are commonly used to treat acromegaly. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean N

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The Korean Endocrine Society (KES) published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly in 2011. Since then, thenumber of acromegaly cases, publications on studies addressing medical treatment of acromegaly, and demands for improvements ininsurance coverage have been dramatically increasing. In 2017, the KES Committee of Health Insurance decided to publish a position statement regarding the use of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Accordingly, consensus opinions for the pos

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are defined as benign monoclonal tumors in the pituitary gland that cause symptoms due to either hormonalhypersecretion or a space-occupying effect, and are classified as functioning or non-functioning. Because of their rarity and slowgrowing with symptomless nature in most cases, it has been challenging to investigate the epidemiology of PAs. Considering theirpublic health impact and association with increased morbidity and mortality, however, it is essential to underst

부신피질 과립세포종은 매우 드문 부신종양으로, 대개 비기능성이기 때문에 우연히 발견되는 경우가 많다. 최근 저자들은 고혈압 병력을 가진 54세 남성에서 좌측부신에 위치하는 양성 비기능성 부신피질 과립세포종을 경험하였다. 이에 이번 증례와 함께 최근 발표된 문헌들에 대한 고찰을 하였다. 그 희귀성에도 불구하고 부신피질 과립세포종은 부신종양의 진단 시 반드시 감별하여야 하는데 이는 양성과 악성의 분류기준의 차이 및 예후의 차이 등에 기인하며 이를 위하여 임상소견, 생화학적 검사 및 조직학적 특징에 대한 평가가 필요하다.

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacementtherapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Beforeinitiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven geneticcauses or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary. The dosing regimen of GH replaceme

Background: Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries is known to have a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to identify risk factors affecting the progression of carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with carotid IMT measurements were enrolled, and their clinical data and carotid IMT results at baseline and 2 years later were compared. Results: Of the 171 patients, 67

A macroinvasive pituitary adenoma with plurihormonality usually causes acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, and also accompanies with neurologic symptoms such as visual disturbances. However, its concurrent presentation with a rectal carcinoid tumor is rarely observed. This study reports the history, biochemical, colonoscopic and immunohistochemical results of a 48-year-old female with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. Despite the large size and invasive nature of the pituitary adenoma to adjacen

Background: Only a few studies have established the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease in Korea. Furthermore, the incidence of these disease are increasing than before associated with the development of technologies. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease and their survival analysis according to treatment. Methods: The nationwide, population-based study evaluated incidence and prevalence of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease usi