Sin-Hyuk Kang

Brain metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with melanoma. The molecular changes that lead to brain metastasis remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a model to study human melanoma brain metastasis and found that Stat3 activity was increased in human brain metastatic melanoma cells when compared with that in cutaneous melanoma cells. The expression of activated Stat3 is also increased in human brain metastasis specimens when compared with that in the

STAT3 plays an important role in glioblastoma angiogenesis and migration triggered by hypoxia. Therefore, STAT3 might be a target for control of pseudopalisading necrosis and angiogenesis in glioblastoma.

The values of the base of the working zone have a wide distribution. Blind puncture of annulus by the working cannula or obturator may be dangerous. The safer procedure would be the direct viewing of the annulus by endoscopy before annulotomy; the working cannula should be inserted into the foramen as close as possible to the facet joint.

Despite the presence of aggressive treatment strategies, glioblastoma remains intractable, warranting a novel therapeutic modality. An oral antipsychotic agent, penflurido (PFD), used for schizophrenia treatment, has shown an antitumor effect on various types of cancer cells. As glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) are known to mediate drug resistance in glioblastoma, and considering that antipsychotics can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, we investigated the antitumor effect of PFD on pa

A 34-year-old man presented with an acute epidural hematoma that resolved within 24 hours after a fall. On admission, neurological examination found no abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) indicated a linear fracture in the occiput. Four hours after the injury, the patient's condition worsened and repeat CT showed a bilateral epidural hematoma in the posterior fossa extending over the bilateral transverse sinuses and severe brain swelling. The patient's family refused surgery. Conservative ma

The present case showed an intraparenchymal arachnoid cyst arising in the frontal lobe. Although the etiology is not known, an arachnoid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of primary intracerebral cysts.

To overcome the hurdles of immunotherapy, we investigated whether calcipotriol, a synthetic vitamin D analog, could overcome the immune evasion of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by modulating immune responses and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Administration of calcipotriol considerably reduced tumor growth. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that CD8+T and natural killer (NK) cell gene signatures were enriched and activated, producing high levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B. I

Our results suggest that the mechanism by which vincristine elicits an anti-angiogenic effect in glioblastomas under hypoxic conditions might be mediated, in part, by HIF-1α inhibition.