[论文解读] A Learning Strategy for Contrast-agnostic MRI Segmentation
SynthSeg 使用从贝叶斯分割模型生成的合成、对比度变化的扫描来训练一个 CNN,从而实现对比度无关的脑部 MRI 分割,无需对新模态重新训练。它在保持竞争力的准确性的同时,推理速度更快,并具有强烈的跨数据集泛化能力。
We present a deep learning strategy that enables, for the first time, contrast-agnostic semantic segmentation of completely unpreprocessed brain MRI scans, without requiring additional training or fine-tuning for new modalities. Classical Bayesian methods address this segmentation problem with unsupervised intensity models, but require significant computational resources. In contrast, learning-based methods can be fast at test time, but are sensitive to the data available at training. Our proposed learning method, SynthSeg, leverages a set of training segmentations (no intensity images required) to generate synthetic sample images of widely varying contrasts on the fly during training. These samples are produced using the generative model of the classical Bayesian segmentation framework, with randomly sampled parameters for appearance, deformation, noise, and bias field. Because each mini-batch has a different synthetic contrast, the final network is not biased towards any MRI contrast. We comprehensively evaluate our approach on four datasets comprising over 1,000 subjects and four types of MR contrast. The results show that our approach successfully segments every contrast in the data, performing slightly better than classical Bayesian segmentation, and three orders of magnitude faster. Moreover, even within the same type of MRI contrast, our strategy generalizes significantly better across datasets, compared to training using real images. Finally, we find that synthesizing a broad range of contrasts, even if unrealistic, increases the generalization of the neural network. Our code and model are open source at https://github.com/BBillot/SynthSeg.
研究动机与目标
- 在不为新模态进行额外训练的前提下,推动在任意对比度下的鲁棒脑部 MRI 分割。
- 利用生成式贝叶斯分割模型来合成多样化的训练数据。
- 在分割图上训练 CNN,结合现场生成的合成对比度,以实现对比度无关的性能。
提出的方法
- 以经典的生成模型用于贝叶斯 MRI 分割作为骨干。
- 将 CNN 条件在分割图上,以生成具有随机外观、形变、噪声和偏置场参数的合成扫描。
- 通过对模型参数进行随机变化的 mini-batch 采样,生成多样化的合成对比度,以防止学习特征中的对比偏差。
- 直接在未经预处理的脑部 MRI 扫描上进行分割训练,涵盖各种对比度。
- 在多个数据集上使用四种 MRI 对比度进行评估,以评估泛化和速度。
- 证明基于合成的训练在准确性上可与贝叶斯分割相媲美,同时速度快出三个数量级。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1是否可以在没有模态特定成对数据或微调的情况下,训练一个 CNN 来分割未见对比度的脑部 MRI?
- RQ2基于贝叶斯生成模型的合成对比度增强是否比在真实图像上训练能实现更好的跨数据集泛化?
- RQ3合成广泛且甚至不现实的对比度范围对网络泛化有什么影响?
主要发现
- 该方法在评估数据中的每种对比度都进行了分割。
- SynthSeg 的速度略快,在准确性方面与经典贝叶斯分割竞争力相当。
- 在相同 MRI 对比度下,跨数据集的泛化明显优于在真实图像上训练的 CNN。
- 使用广泛且甚至不现实的合成对比度进行训练可以提高泛化能力。
- 该方法可扩展到四个数据集,且覆盖四种 MR 对比度的超过 1,000 名受试者。
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