[论文解读] A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).IV. A tail of Ionised Gas in the Merger Remnant NGC 4424
本研究在合并残骸NGC 4424中识别出一条长达10 kpc的电离气体尾,方向与110 kpc长的HI尾相反,表明正在进行的随机压力剥离过程。多波段数据揭示,中心区域的电离气体为光致电离,向外则为激波电离,这很可能是由中心星暴外流驱动,其能量足以克服随机压力,提供了反馈可促进星系团内星形成熄灭的直接证据。
We have observed the late-type peculiar galaxy NGC 4424 during VESTIGE, a blind narrow-band Halpha[NII] imaging survey of the Virgo cluster carried out with MegaCam at the CFHT. The presence of a 110 kpc long HI tail in the S direction indicates that this galaxy is undergoing a ram pressure stripping event. The deep narrow-band image revealed the presence of a low surface brightness ionised gas tail ~10 kpc long extending from the centre of the galaxy to the NW direction, in the direction opposite to the HI tail. Chandra and XMM X-rays data do not show any compact source in the nucleus nor the presence of an extended tail of hot gas, while MUSE spectroscopy indicates that the gas is photo-ionised in the inner regions and shock-ionised in the outer parts. IFU spectroscopy confirms that the ionised gas is kinematically decoupled from the stellar component and indicates the presence of two kinematically distinct structures in the stellar disc. The analysis of the SED of the galaxy indicates that the activity of star formation has been totally quenched in the outer disc ~ 250-280 Myr ago, while only reduced by ~80% in the central regions. All this observational evidence suggests that NGC 4424 is the remnant of an unequal-mass merger occurred <= 500 Myr ago, when the galaxy was already a member of the Virgo cluster, now undergoing a ram pressure stripping event which has removed the gas and quenched the activity of star formation in the outer disc. The tail of ionised gas probably results from the outflow produced by a central starburst fed by the collapse of gas induced by the merging episode. This outflow is sufficiently powerful to overcome the ram pressure induced by the intracluster medium on the disc of the galaxy crossing the cluster. This analysis thus suggests that feedback can participate in the quenching process of galaxies in high-density regions.
研究动机与目标
- 星系NGC 4424是一个经历近期星形成熄灭的合并残骸。
- 存在一条与HI尾相反的长电离气体尾,表明随机压力剥离与内部反馈之间存在复杂相互作用。
- 本研究旨在确定中心星暴的反馈是否能够克服随机压力,将气体排出。
- 通过研究电离气体的运动学与电离状态,以区分外部剥离与内部外流。
- 本研究旨在评估反馈在致密星系团环境中抑制星形成的作用。
提出的方法
- 作为VESTIGE巡天的一部分,利用CFHT的MegaCam进行了深度窄线Hα+[NII]成像。
- 结合了多波段数据,包括钱德拉和XMM的X射线观测、MUSE IFU光谱以及法布里-珀罗光谱。
- 通过谱谱能量分布(SED)建模推断NGC 4424的恒星形成历史。
- 利用MUSE和法布里-珀罗数据的诊断线比值分析电离机制。
- 通过IFU数据的速度图量化了电离气体与恒星之间的运动学解耦。
- 通过建模SED并与理论恒星形成历史比较,估算出熄灭年龄。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1NGC 4424中长达10 kpc的电离气体尾的起源是什么?为何其方向与HI尾相反?
- RQ2NGC 4424中的电离气体是光致电离还是激波电离?电离状态在尾部如何变化?
- RQ3中心星暴的内部反馈在驱动电离气体外流中起什么作用?
- RQ4近期的并合事件如何影响NGC 4424中随机压力剥离的效率?
- RQ5与随机压力剥离相比,反馈在星形成熄灭中起到了多大程度的作用?
主要发现
- 电离气体尾从星系中心向西北方向延伸约10 kpc,垂直于星族盘,且与110 kpc长的HI尾方向相反。
- 电离气体表面亮度较低,Σ(Hα) ≈ 4 × 10⁻¹⁸ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² arcsec⁻²。
- 在内区,气体为光致电离;在外区则为激波电离,表明电离机制由中心反馈向外部剥离过渡。
- 星族盘显示出两个运动学上不同的成分,表明曾发生过并合事件。
- 外盘的星形成约在250–280 Myr前完全熄灭,而中心区域的星形成率降低了约80%。
- 电离气体尾很可能是由中心星暴外流驱动,其能量足以克服随机压力,证明反馈可在星系团环境中促进气体清除。
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