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[论文解读] Comparison of Sub-Grid Scale Models for Large-Eddy Simulation using a High-Order Spectral Element Approximation of the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations at Low Mach Number

Sohail R. Reddy, Yassine Tissaoui|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 1, 2021
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics被引用 2
一句话总结

本研究采用高阶谱元法对低马赫数可压缩流的大涡模拟中的亚格子尺度(SGS)模型进行评估。节点残差基动态SGS模型(R-DSGS)在稳定性、能量守恒和间断保持方面优于其他模型;而Smagorinsky和Vreman模型尽管存在振荡,但在解析细观结构方面表现更优。

ABSTRACT

This study aims to identify the properties, advantages, and drawbacks of some common (and some less common) sub-grid scale (SGS) models for large eddy simulation of low Mach compressible flows using high order spectral elements. The models investigated are the classical constant coefficient Smagorinsky-Lilly, the model by Vreman and two variants of a dynamic SGS (DSGS) model designed to stabilize finite and spectral elements for transport dominated problems. In particular, we compare one variant of DSGS that is based on a time-dependent residual version (R-DSGS) in contrast to a time-independent residual based scheme (T-DSGS). The SGS models are compared against the reference model by Smagorinsky and Lilly for their ability to: (i) stabilize the numerical solution, (ii) minimize undershoots and overshoots, (iii) capture/preserve discontinuities, and (iv) transfer energy across different length scales. These abilities are investigated on problems for: (1) passively advected tracers, (2) coupled, nonlinear system of equations exhibiting discontinuities, (3) gravity-driven flows in a stratified atmosphere, and (4) homogenous, isotropic turbulence. All models were able to preserve sharp discontinuities. Vreman and the R-DSGS models also reduce the undershoots and overshoots in the solution of linear and non-linear advection with sharp gradients. Our analysis shows that the R-DSGS and T-DSGS models are more robust than Vreman and Smagorinsky-Lilly for numerical stabilization of high-order spectral methods. The Smagorinsky and Vreman models are better able to resolve the finer flow structures in shear flows, while the nodal R-DSGS model shows better energy conservation. Overall, the nodal implementation of R-DSGS (in contrast to its element-based counterpart) is shown to outperform the other SGS models in most metrics listed above, and on par with respect to the remaining ones.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估常见及不常见的亚格子尺度(SGS)模型在低马赫数可压缩流大涡模拟(LES)中的性能。
  • 评估SGS模型在稳定高阶谱元法对可压缩N-S方程离散化方面的作用。
  • 比较不同SGS模型在保持间断、抑制振荡以及在不同流动状态下保持动能守恒方面的能力。
  • 研究模型构型(特别是节点型与单元型,以及时间依赖与时间独立的残差基方案)对数值鲁棒性与精度的影响。

提出的方法

  • 采用高阶谱元法(SEM)对低马赫数下的可压缩N-S方程进行离散化。
  • 采用四种SGS模型:常系数Smagorinsky-Lilly模型、Vreman模型,以及两种动态SGS(DSGS)模型变体——时间依赖残差基(R-DSGS)和时间独立残差基(T-DSGS)模型。
  • 在节点型和单元型两种形式下应用SGS模型,以评估空间离散化对数值耗散的影响。
  • 在四个基准问题上测试模型:被动示踪物平流、耦合非线性Burgers系统、Taylor-Green涡流,以及稳定分层大气中的密度流。
  • 通过间断保持能力、过冲/欠冲控制、动能演化以及谱能传递分析解的特性。
  • 将结果与参考的Smagorinsky-Lilly模型对比,并在可用时使用直接数值模拟(DNS)数据进行验证。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1不同SGS模型在稳定高阶谱元法模拟低马赫数可压缩流方面表现如何?
  • RQ2哪种SGS模型在对流主导和非线性流动问题中对锐利间断的保持能力最佳?
  • RQ3R-DSGS与T-DSGS模型在抑制振荡和保持数值稳定性方面表现如何比较?
  • RQ4SGS模型在湍流中对动能的守恒程度以及跨尺度能量传递的准确性如何?
  • RQ5与单元型及其他SGS模型相比,R-DSGS的节点型构型在解析细观流动结构方面表现如何?

主要发现

  • 节点型R-DSGS模型在数值稳定化方面最为鲁棒,其在保持解稳定性方面优于Smagorinsky、Vreman和T-DSGS模型。
  • Smagorinsky和Vreman模型在间断附近表现出Gibbs现象(振荡),而这些振荡被R-DSGS和T-DSGS模型有效抑制。
  • 节点型R-DSGS模型在Taylor-Green涡流案例中(在涡流破裂前)展现出更优的动能守恒性能。
  • Smagorinsky和Vreman模型在较粗分辨率下即可解析Kelvin-Helmholtz转子结构,表明其对细观结构的解析能力优于DSGS模型。
  • 所有SGS模型在二维湍流中均表现出与Kolmogorov-Kraichnan幂律一致的谱特性,证实其对惯性区动力学的模拟能力。
  • 由于采用无穷范数导出的扩散系数更大,单元型DSGS模型比其节点型对应物更具耗散性。

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