[论文解读] Influence of Elastic Oscillations on Nucleation in Metals

A. S. Nuradinov, O. V. Chistyakov+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 8, 2026

Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena被引用 0

一句话总结

本研究探讨弹性振动与超声如何影响金属熔体的成核，显示振动降低所需过冷度，空化并非唯一机制，并且通过吸附在核 surface 的生长步骤可增强成核。

ABSTRACT

This work is devoted to establishing the mechanisms of elastic oscillation influence on nucleation processes in metal melts. The method of physical modeling with low-temperature metallic alloys (Wood and Rose) and transparent organic media (salol, camphene, diphenylamine) was used. It was established that vibration and ultrasound significantly reduce the supercooling required to initiate crystallization. The effectiveness of the influence significantly increases for samples with solid substrates. The hypotheses about the influence through changes in melt viscosity and the exclusive role of cavitation were experimentally refuted. The transition from pre-cavitation to cavitation ultrasound regime is not accompanied by qualitative changes in the influence on nucleation. The mechanism of elastic oscillation influence is substantiated, which consists in mechanical impact on adsorbed crystal nuclei on the surfaces of solid substrates. Elastic oscillations increase the nucleation rate by creating growth steps (dislocations) on the surfaces of adsorbed nuclei as a result of mechanical friction of solid substrates and cavitation erosion. The results have fundamental significance for understanding the physical nature of metal crystallization and practical application for developing technologies for controlling structure formation.

研究动机与目标

• 了解弹性振动如何影响金属熔体的成核。
• 确定空化是否对超声辅助成核至关重要。
• 确定基底相互作用在振动下成核中的作用。
• 发展机械效应改变晶体成核的机理见解。
• 探讨在控制金属晶化方面的潜在实际意义。

提出的方法

• 以低温金属合金进行物理建模（Wood and Rose）。
• 以透明有机介质的实验类比（salol, camphene, diphenylamine）。
• 系统比较振动/超声 regimes 与基底存在的情况。
• 评估晶化所需过冷度的变化。
• 评估空化与非空化机制的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 弹性振动/超声是否降低在金属及其模拟物中触发晶化所需的过冷度？
• RQ2 观察到的对成核的影响是否必须依赖空化，还是可由其他机制解释？
• RQ3 固体基底及其界面在弹性振动下的成核中扮演何种角色？
• RQ4 提出的机理是弹性振动通过与吸附在基底表面的晶核的机械相互作用，借助摩擦和空化侵蚀产生生长步（位错）吗？

主要发现

• 振动和超声显著降低启动晶化所需的过冷度。
• 对具有固体基底的样品，这种影响更为显著。
• 结果否定了“熔体黏度变化或仅由空化解释该效应”的假说。
• 提出的机制是弹性振动通过与基底表面的吸附核进行机械相互作用，借助摩擦和空化侵蚀产生生长步（位错）。
• 由于吸附核表面的生长步形成，成核速率提高。