[论文解读] Influence of ensemble boundary conditions (thermostat and barostat) on the deformation of amorphous polyethylene by molecular dynamics
本研究探讨了分子动力学模拟中热浴与压强浴边界条件对非晶态聚乙烯拉伸变形的影响。结果表明,热量与压强的耗散显著影响应变硬化行为,非耗散条件导致温度过度升高、空洞形成以及以范德华相互作用为主的应力分配发生改变。
Molecular dynamics simulations are increasingly being used to investigate the structural evolution of polymers during mechanical deformation, but relatively few studies focus on the influence of boundary conditions on this evolution, in particular the dissipation of both heat and pressure through the periodic boundaries during deformation. The research herein explores how the tensile deformation of amorphous polyethylene, modelled with a united atom method potential, is influenced by heat and pressure dissipation. The stress-strain curves for the pressure dissipation cases (uniaxial tension) are in qualitative agreement with experiments and show that heat dissipation has a large effect on the strain hardening modulus calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. The evolution of the energy associated with bonded and non-bonded terms was quantified as a function of strain as well as the evolution of stress in both the loading and non-loading directions to give insight into how the stress state is altered within the elastic, yield, strain softening, and strain hardening regions. The stress partitioning shows a competition between `tensile' Van der Waal's interactions and `compressive' bond stretching forces, with the characteristic yield stress peak clearly associated with the non-bonded stress. The lack of heat dissipation had the largest effect on the strain hardening regime, where an increase in the calculated temperature correlated with faster chain alignment in the loading direction and more rapid conformation changes. In part, these observations demonstrate the role that heat and pressure dissipation play on deformation characteristics of amorphous polymers, particularly for the strain hardening regime.
研究动机与目标
- 研究通过系综边界条件实现的热量与压强耗散对非晶态聚乙烯在拉伸变形过程中力学响应的影响。
- 量化热浴与压强浴条件对变形过程中能量分配、应力贡献及结构演变的影响。
- 分析非键合范德华相互作用与键合力在决定屈服应力与应变硬化行为中的作用。
- 分析不同热与压强控制条件下链段构象、取向与缠结的演变。
- 评估因缺乏热量耗散导致的温度升高对变形动力学与力学响应的影响。
提出的方法
- 采用联合原子势的分子动力学模拟,研究非晶态聚乙烯在单轴拉伸变形下的行为。
- 应用多种系综边界条件:NVE(微正则系综)、NVT(正则系综)、NPT(等压等温系综)与NPH(等焓等压系综),以调节热量与压强的耗散。
- 追踪应变依赖的内能、动能以及键合(键长、键角、二面角)与非键合(范德华)项的能量贡献演变。
- 计算宏观应力,并将其分解为非键合(范德华)与键合(键伸长、弯曲、扭转)相互作用的贡献。
- 监测作为应变函数的结构度量,包括键长、键角、二面角构象、链段取向与链段缠结。
- 对比每种条件下十二次独立模拟的结果,以评估结果的统计变异性与鲁棒性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1缺乏热量耗散(NVE/NPH)如何影响非晶态聚乙烯的应力-应变响应与应变硬化行为?
- RQ2非键合范德华相互作用与键合力在变形过程中对宏观应力的相对贡献如何?
- RQ3温度与压强控制的变化如何影响链段构象、取向与缠结在拉伸变形过程中的演变?
- RQ4为何屈服应力峰值主要与非键合相互作用相关,而非键合项?
- RQ5因缺乏热浴控制导致的温度升高在多大程度上加速了链段重取向与构象变化?
主要发现
- 缺乏热量耗散(NVE/NPH)在变形过程中导致显著的温度升高,尤其在应变硬化阶段,虽对整体应力-应变曲线形状影响较小,但引起过度的热效应。
- 压强耗散(NPT/NPH)防止了高三维拉应力状态的形成,避免了非耗散情况下观察到的空洞成核与非均匀变形。
- 在变形过程中,非键合范德华相互作用贡献了内能增加的绝大部分,而键合项(键伸长、弯曲、扭转)起次要作用。
- 特征屈服应力峰值主要由非键合范德华相互作用驱动,而非键合力,凸显其在屈服过程中的主导作用。
- NPH条件下温度升高加速了链段重取向与构象变化(反式到旁式),导致沿加载方向更快的对齐。
- 在应变硬化阶段(ε > 0.5%),链段缠结显著减少,NPT与NPH条件之间差异较小,尽管不同模拟间存在一定的统计变异性。
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