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[论文解读] Ivy on the ceiling: first-order polymer depinning transitions with quenched disorder

Kenneth S. Alexander|ArXiv.org|Dec 21, 2006
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics参考文献 9被引用 9
一句话总结

本文研究了无序聚合物模型中的首阶钉扎相变,表明当底层马尔可夫链的穿越长度呈指数衰减时(例如,瞬时偏置随机游走), quenched( quenched disorder)无法平滑钉扎相变——导致接触分数不连续,且quenched与annealed临界点严格不同。这与以往结果形成对比,后者表明在幂律重尾系统中,无序可平滑相变。

ABSTRACT

We consider a polymer, with monomer locations modeled by the trajectory of an underlying Markov chain, in the presence of a potential thatinteracts with the polymer when it visits a particular site 0. Disorder is introduced by having the interaction vary from one monomer to another, as a constant $u$ plus i.i.d. mean-0 randomness. There is a critical value of $u$ above which the polymer is pinned, placing a positive fraction (called the contact fraction) of its monomers at 0 with high probability. When the excursions of the underlying chain have a finite mean but no finite exponential moment, it is known that the depinning transition (more precisely, the contact fraction) in the corresponding annealed system is discontinuous. One generally expects the presence of disorder to smooth transitions, and it was proved by Giacomin and Toninelli that when the excursion length distribution has power-law tails, the quenched system has a continuous transition even if the annealed system does not. We show here that when the underlying chain is transient but the finite part of the excursion length distribution has exponential tails, then the depinning transition is discontinuous even in the quenched system, and the quenched and annealed critical points are strictly different. By contrast, in the recurrent case, the depinning behavior depends on the subexponential prefactors on the exponential decay of the excursion length distribution, and when these prefactors decay with an appropriate power law, the quenched transition is continuous even though the annealed one is not.

研究动机与目标

  • 确定当底层聚合物链的穿越长度呈指数衰减时,quenched无序是否能平滑首阶钉扎相变。
  • 研究在无序钉扎模型中,quenched临界点与annealed临界点不同的条件。
  • 分析当底层链具有指数尾部衰减时,quenched系统中接触分数与自由能的行为。
  • 通过考察annealed相变不连续但quenched相变可能连续也可能不连续的情形,扩展对Harris准则在无序系统中适用性的理解。

提出的方法

  • 将聚合物建模为具有在位置0处的钉扎势的马尔可夫链轨迹,其中相互作用强度为 $ u + V_i $,$ \{V_i\} $ 为均值为零的i.i.d.无序。
  • 使用Gibbs测度 $ W_{\beta,u,P^X} $ 定义quenched与annealed自由能,接触分数作为自由能对 $ u $ 的导数导出。
  • 应用倾斜变换(Girsanov型变换)构造一个“松弛”系统,其分布发生偏移,以比较quenched与annealed行为。
  • 利用变分原理与大偏差估计,比较原始系统与松弛系统中的自由能与接触分数。
  • 利用条件 $ M_E(b_E) < \infty $ 定义有效的倾斜参数,通过自由能平移实现临界点的比较。
  • 证明在quenched临界点处,quenched接触分数保持远离零,因其为松弛系统中正量的平移。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1当底层穿越长度分布具有指数尾部时,quenched无序是否能平滑首阶钉扎相变?
  • RQ2在穿越长度具有指数衰减的系统中,quenched临界点是否可能与annealed临界点不同?
  • RQ3指数衰减中的次指数因子在决定quenched相变连续性方面起什么作用?
  • RQ4在瞬时与常返情形下,quenched与annealed系统中接触分数的行为有何不同?
  • RQ5在何种条件下,Harris准则无法预测无序对相变的平滑作用?

主要发现

  • 当底层马尔可夫链的穿越长度具有指数尾部衰减时(例如,瞬时偏置随机游走),即使存在quenched无序,quenched钉扎相变仍保持不连续。
  • quenched临界点 $ u_c^q $ 严格大于annealed临界点 $ u_c^a $,表明无序导致了真实的临界点移动。
  • 在临界点处,quenched系统中的接触分数保持远离零,证明其不连续性,因为自由能的导数发生不连续跳跃。
  • 对于 $ u > u_c^q $,quenched与annealed自由能的差值至少为 $ \frac{1}{2}\beta^2 y^2 $,其中 $ y > 0 $,确认了临界点的差异。
  • 在常返情形下,若指数衰减具有适当指数的幂律前因子,则quenched相变变为连续,即使annealed相变仍为不连续。
  • quenched系统中的接触分数是松弛系统中接触分数的平移版本,且平移量远离零,从而确保了不连续性。

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