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[论文解读] Local integrals of motion encoded in a few eigenstates

J. Pawłowski, P. Łydżba|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 2, 2026
Quantum many-body systems被引用 0
一句话总结

论文表明,XXZ自旋链中的局部积分(LIOM)可以从少量本征态中估算,所需的分数在系统尺寸增大时趋于零,并将其与折叠XXZ模型中在希尔伯特空间碎片化看到的LIOM作对比。

ABSTRACT

Many properties of a quantum system can be obtained from just a single eigenstate of its Hamiltonian. For example, a single eigenstate can be used to determine whether a system is integrable or chaotic and, in the latter case, to establish its thermal properties. Focusing on the XXZ model, we show that the local integrals of motion, which lie at the heart of integrability, can also be estimated from a small number of eigenstates. Moreover, as the system size increases, fewer eigenstates are required, so that in the thermodynamic limit, the integrals of motion can be obtained from a vanishingly small fraction of all eigenstates. Interestingly, this property does not extend to integrals of motion arising solely from Hilbert space fragmentation, as found in the folded XXZ model, where the majority of eigenstates has to be used. This represents one of the few fundamental differences known between integrability and Hilbert space fragmentation.

研究动机与目标

  • 理解闭合量子系统的非平衡动力学与热化过程的动机。
  • 证明在XXZ链中可以从一小组本征态中提取LIOM。
  • 通过折叠XXZ模型演示可积性与希尔伯特空间碎片化之间的差异。

提出的方法

  • 使用大小为 Z x DO 的矩阵 R 对局部算符的对角矩阵元素信息进行压缩。
  • 执行薄奇异值分解以识别最大的奇异值及相应的LIOM。
  • 随机选择 NS 个本征态(R 的行)形成一个降维矩阵,并将近似的 LIOM 表示为局部算符的线性组合。
  • 使用具有固定支撑 M 的正交本地算符集合和对称性约束(如 S^z_tot 守恒)。
  • 通过包含自相同子空间内的所有矩阵元素来处理简并,并在需要时使用简并子空间分析。
  • 将该方法扩展到准局部积分(QLIOMs),通过考察投影到有限支撑算符以及最大奇异值随系统尺寸和支撑的行为来实现。
Figure 1: Numerical results for the largest singular value obtained for the set of imaginary operators that are even under the spin-flip transformation and supported on up to $M=4$ sites. This set $\{A^{1},\ldots,A^{D_{O}}\}$ contains $D_{O}=9$ operators including those in Eqs. ( 8 )-( 10 ). Continu
Figure 1: Numerical results for the largest singular value obtained for the set of imaginary operators that are even under the spin-flip transformation and supported on up to $M=4$ sites. This set $\{A^{1},\ldots,A^{D_{O}}\}$ contains $D_{O}=9$ operators including those in Eqs. ( 8 )-( 10 ). Continu

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1少量本征态是否足以在XXZ链中重建LIOM?
  • RQ2所需本征态数量如何随系统尺寸和LIOM支撑而变化?
  • RQ3折叠XXZ模型中与碎片化相关的LIOM是否在扰动破坏可积性时表现不同?
  • RQ4该方法是否能检测到准局部积分(QLIOMs)并将其与严格局部 LIOM 区分开?

主要发现

  • LIOM 可以从少量本征态中准确估算,所需的 NS 大体不随系统尺寸变化(对固定 M)。
  • 最大的奇异值对应 LIOM,可以写成所选局部算符的线性组合。
  • 随着操作符支撑 M 的增大,需要更多的本征态,但当 NS 的数量接近 R 的秩时,基于压缩的方法仍然有效。
  • 在 XXZ 中,对于 M=6 可以得到两个 LIOM,第二个 LIOM 主要涉及更长距离的算符贡献,LIOM 的旋转可以在 M 之间连接结果。
  • 该方法通过对有限支撑算符的持续投影,检测到准局部积分(QLIOMs),其特征随支撑增大而增强。
  • 在折叠 XXZ 模型中,与 Bethe-ansatz 可积性相关的 LIOM 在扰动破坏可积性时可能消失,而与碎片化相关的 LIOM 可以持续存在并需要几乎所有本征态来重建。
Figure 2: The same as in Fig. 1 , but for a larger support $M=6$ , for which the set $\{A^{1},\ldots,A^{D_{O}}\}$ contains $D_{O}=155$ operators. The approximate LIOMs corresponding to two largest singular values, $Q^{{}^{\prime}1}$ and $Q^{{}^{\prime}2}$ , are rotated according to the procedure des
Figure 2: The same as in Fig. 1 , but for a larger support $M=6$ , for which the set $\{A^{1},\ldots,A^{D_{O}}\}$ contains $D_{O}=155$ operators. The approximate LIOMs corresponding to two largest singular values, $Q^{{}^{\prime}1}$ and $Q^{{}^{\prime}2}$ , are rotated according to the procedure des

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