[论文解读] Modern Computing: Vision and Challenges

Sukhpal Singh Gill, Huaming Wu+23 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 4, 2024

IoT and Edge/Fog Computing被引用 20

一句话总结

本文提供了对现代计算的前瞻性分类法和炒作循环的分析，研究从经典模型到边缘计算、云计算和量子计算的范式转变、技术与新兴趋势。

ABSTRACT

Over the past six decades, the computing systems field has experienced significant transformations, profoundly impacting society with transformational developments, such as the Internet and the commodification of computing. Underpinned by technological advancements, computer systems, far from being static, have been continuously evolving and adapting to cover multifaceted societal niches. This has led to new paradigms such as cloud, fog, edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which offer fresh economic and creative opportunities. Nevertheless, this rapid change poses complex research challenges, especially in maximizing potential and enhancing functionality. As such, to maintain an economical level of performance that meets ever-tighter requirements, one must understand the drivers of new model emergence and expansion, and how contemporary challenges differ from past ones. To that end, this article investigates and assesses the factors influencing the evolution of computing systems, covering established systems and architectures as well as newer developments, such as serverless computing, quantum computing, and on-device AI on edge devices. Trends emerge when one traces technological trajectory, which includes the rapid obsolescence of frameworks due to business and technical constraints, a move towards specialized systems and models, and varying approaches to centralized and decentralized control. This comprehensive review of modern computing systems looks ahead to the future of research in the field, highlighting key challenges and emerging trends, and underscoring their importance in cost-effectively driving technological progress.

研究动机与目标

• 确立现代计算系统的基本特征与组成要素。
• 评估促成现代计算范式的创新与行为模式。
• 识别关键发展，如集中式与去中心化模型，以及无服务器/边缘/量子趋势。
• 提出现代计算特征的分类法和用于引导未来研究的炒作循环。
• 突出现代计算的开放挑战与具有成本效益的性能标准。

提出的方法

• 基于特征（焦点/范式、技术/影响领域、趋势/观察）开发新颖的现代计算分类法。
• 对现有综述进行差距分析以证明该分类法的合理性并识别缺失的视角。
• 将计算分为独立式与网络化、通用型与专用型、集中式与分散式，并识别如边缘、雾计算和量子计算等新兴趋势。
• 综合历史演变（1960–2023）与技术驱动因素以追踪范式转变。
• 引入现代计算系统的炒作循环以突出新兴趋势。
• 调研相关工作以定位贡献并阐述未来方向。

Figure 1: Modern Computing: A Taxonomy

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 现代计算系统的基本特征与组成要素是什么？
• RQ2 计算范式如何演变，哪些技术驱动因素影响了这一演变（1960–2023）？
• RQ3 哪种综合分类法最能描述现代计算，包括独立式 vs 网络化、通用 vs 专用、集中式 vs 分散式方面以及新兴趋势？
• RQ4 哪些开放挑战和具有成本效益的性能标准正在塑造对现代计算的未来研究？
• RQ5 炒作循环在展示现代计算新兴趋势中的性质与作用是什么？

主要发现

• 提供了从早期计算到现代计算过渡的简要概述。
• 在三个特征维度上提供现代计算的分类法：焦点/范式、技术/影响领域以及趋势/观察。
• 提供一个综合分类框架：独立式 vs 网络化、通用 vs 专用、集中式 vs 分散式、计算趋势，以及并行 vs 顺序方法。
• 识别影响与性能标准，包括指标、效率、社会影响、安全/合规，以及经济性/管理。
• 引入一个炒作循环，突出现代计算系统中的新兴趋势。
• 总结计算特征的开放挑战与未来方向。

Figure 2: Hype Cycle for Modern Computing