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[论文解读] On the physical structure of IRC+10216. Ground-based and Herschel observations of CO and CCH

E. De Beck, R. Lombaert|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 9, 2012
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 2被引用 43
一句话总结

本研究利用地面和赫歇尔/HIFI对CO和C2H的观测,构建了IRC+10216星周包层的全面辐射转移模型,揭示了三段式温度幂律结构,并确定辐射泵浦在解释强高-J C2H发射中起关键作用。该模型成功调和了高-J C2H跃迁与J=1-0线的干涉测量图像之间的矛盾,解决了碳富集的AGB星风中长期存在的激发难题。

ABSTRACT

The C-rich AGB star IRC+10216 undergoes strong mass loss, and quasi-periodic density enhancements in the circumstellar matter have been reported. CO is ubiquitous in the CSE, while CCH emission comes from a spatially confined shell. With the IRAM 30m telescope and Herschel/HIFI, we recently detected unexpectedly strong emission from the CCH N=4-3, 6-5, 7-6, 8-7, and 9-8 transitions, challenging the available chemical and physical models. We aim to constrain the physical properties of IRC+10216's CSE, including the effect of episodic mass loss on the observed emission. In particular, we aim to determine the excitation region and conditions of CCH and to reconcile these with interferometric maps of the N=1-0 transition. Via radiative-transfer modelling, we provide a physical description of the CSE, constrained by the SED and a sample of 20 high-resolution and 29 low-resolution CO lines. We further present detailed radiative-transfer analysis of CCH. Assuming a distance of 150pc, the SED is modelled with a stellar luminosity of 11300Lsun and a dust-mass-loss rate of 4.0 imes10^{-8}Msun/yr. Based on the analysis of 20 high resolution CO observations, an average gas-mass-loss rate for the last 1000yrs of 1.5 imes10^{-5}Msun/yr is derived. This gives a gas-to-dust-mass ratio of 375, typical for an AGB star. The gas kinetic temperature throughout the CSE is described by 3 powerlaws: it goes as r^{-0.58} for r<9R*, as r^{-0.40} for 9<=r<=65R*, and as r^{-1.20} for r>65R*. This model successfully describes all 49 CO lines. We show the effect of wind-density enhancements on the CCH-abundance profile, and the good agreement of the model with the CCH N=1-0 transition and with the lines observed with the 30m telescope and HIFI. We report on the importance of radiative pumping to the vibrationally excited levels of CCH and the significant effect this has on the excitation of all levels of the CCH-molecule.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用多条CO和C2H谱线观测,约束IRC+10216星周包层的物理结构。
  • 解决高-J C2H发射线与空间局域化的J=1-0发射壳层之间的差异。
  • 确定辐射泵浦在激发C2H高能转动能级中的作用。
  • 推导与多频段CO谱线数据一致的质量损失率和气尘质量比。
  • 模拟密度周期性增强对C2H丰度和发射轮廓的影响。

提出的方法

  • 使用具有可变密度和温度结构的球对称、时间平均风模型,对CO和C2H发射线进行辐射转移建模。
  • 通过拟合观测到的CO谱线轮廓(20条高分辨率,29条低分辨率),推导气体质量损失率和温度幂律。
  • 结合尘埃消光和恒星光度(11,300 L☉),在150 pc距离处建模光谱能量分布。
  • 在C2H中引入振动激发(ν₂=1)和辐射泵浦效应,以解释高-J转动能级跃迁。
  • 将C2H近似为Σ态分子,仅考虑纯转动跃迁,同时考虑弯曲和拉伸振动模式。
  • 通过IRAM和赫歇尔/HIFI的高-J线强度以及C2H J=1-0跃迁的干涉测量图像,验证模型预测。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1IRC+10216星周包层的径向温度结构如何?其在不同半径处如何变化?
  • RQ2基于过去1,000年内的高分辨率CO谱线轮廓,推导出的气体质量损失率是多少?
  • RQ3在低温条件下,如何解释C2H高-J转动能级跃迁(J=4-3至9-8)的强发射?
  • RQ4C2H的空间分布如何?与J=1-0跃迁的干涉测量图像相比有何异同?
  • RQ5从振动激发态(尤其是ν₂=1)出发的辐射泵浦在C2H转动能级激发中起多大作用?

主要发现

  • 星周包层表现出三段式温度分布:T ∝ r^−0.58(r ≤ 9 R⋆),T ∝ r^−0.40(9 ≤ r ≤ 65 R⋆),T ∝ r^−1.20(r ≥ 65 R⋆)。
  • 过去1,000年内的气体质量损失率为1.5 × 10⁻⁵ M☉ yr⁻¹,尘埃质量损失率为4.0 × 10⁻⁸ M☉ yr⁻¹。
  • 气尘质量比为375,与碳富集的AGB恒星的典型值一致。
  • 向振动激发态(特别是ν₂=1)的辐射泵浦是解释观测到的强高-J C2H跃迁发射的关键。
  • 该模型成功再现了从J=9-8到J=1-0的C2H谱线强度,并与干涉测量图像中J=1-0线的空间形态一致。
  • 引入振动模式(弯曲和拉伸)显著提高了C2H中高能转动能级的占据数,解决了激发悖论。

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