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[论文解读] Speed Control of DC Motor Using Fuzzy PID Controller

Messaadi Nassim, Amroun Abdelkader|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 11, 2021
Advanced Control Systems Design参考文献 11被引用 87
一句话总结

该论文为直流电机测速控制设计模糊逻辑调谐的PID控制器,显示相较于传统PID和无控制,动态和静态响应得到改进,且在仿真和基于Arduino的实验中取得成功。

ABSTRACT

In this project, we designed a DC motor whose speed can be controlled by a PID controller. The proportional, integral and derivative gains (KP, KI, KD) of the PID controller are adjusted according to Fuzzy logic. First of all, the fuzzy logic controller is designed according to rules so that the systems is basically robust. There are 25 rules for the auto-tuning of each parameter of the PID controller. The FLC (fuzzy logic controller) has two inputs. The first is the motor speed error between the reference (setpoint) and the actual speed. The second is the variation of the speed error (derivative of the speed error). Secondly the output of the FLC is the parameters of the PID controller which are used to control the speed of the DC motor. The study shows that both the precise characters of PID controllers and the flexible characters of fuzzy controllers are present in the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller. The fuzzy auto-tuning approach implemented on a conventional PID structure was able to control the speed of the DC motor. It also improved the dynamic and static response of the system. The comparison between the conventional response and the fuzzy self-tuning response was performed based on the simulation result obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results show that the designed self-adaptive PID controller achieves good dynamic behavior of the DC motor, perfect speed tracking with short rise and settling times, zero overshoot and steady state error and thus gives better performance compared to the conventional PID controller. We then model the fuzzy PID using simple code on Arduino IDE and perform a practical experiment, to confirm our theorical results.

研究动机与目标

  • 使用PID实现准确的直流电机速度控制,同时解决调谐挑战。
  • 开发一个模糊逻辑控制器,根据速度误差及其导数自动调节PID参数(Kp, Ki, Kd)。
  • 在仿真和实际实验中展示相对于传统PID和开环/无控制的性能提升。
  • 展示在低成本硬件(Arduino)上实现模糊-PID调谐的可行性,并通过MATLAB/Simulink验证。

提出的方法

  • 对直流电机及其电气和机械动力学进行建模,以获得开环传递函数G(s)。
  • 设计一个传统PID控制器,并使用手动整定KP、KI、KD作为基线。
  • 开发一个具有两个输入(速度误差e及其导数de)的模糊逻辑控制器,输出PID增益(Kp、Ki、Kd)。
  • 为输入/输出定义非对称隶属函数,并构建规则(表2–表4)以实现PID参数的自调节。
  • 通过MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真验证,在无控制、PID和模糊-PID配置之间进行比较。
  • 在Arduino(Arduino IDE)上实现模糊-PID,以验证实际可行性并收集实验数据。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1模糊逻辑控制器是否能有效地自动调节直流电机速度控制的PID增益?
  • RQ2在上升时间、定居时间、过冲和稳态误差方面,与传统PID和无控制相比,模糊-PID的性能如何?
  • RQ3模糊自调谐方法是否对欠阻尼的电机动态和实际硬件约束具有鲁棒性?
  • RQ4模糊-PID能否在低成本硬件(Arduino)上实现,并在实验结果上与仿真保持一致?

主要发现

参数无控制的直流电机PID模糊PID
Overshoot(%)000
Rise time (10-90%) (s)1.556 s55.791 ms170.761 ms
Steady state error5001.50
Settling time (2%) (s)2.7591.190.274
  • 不开环直流电机在没有控制的情况下难以跟踪(上升时间大,稳态误差大)。
  • 传统PID在上升时间上比模糊-PID快,但向设定点收敛的时间较长且在优化前存在非零/低稳态误差。
  • 模糊-PID实现零稳态误差且过冲最小,在上升时间与定常时间之间取得有利的折衷(比无控制快,在整体响应上与传统PID相比更优或同等甚至更优)。
  • 仿真结果表明所有配置的超调为零;模糊-PID在上升时间和响应时间之间提供最佳平衡,输出控制更精确。
  • 实际的Arduino实现验证理论,能够快速达到设定值,但由于初始电流高导致起始过冲;未来改进可考虑FPGA/MCU等。

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