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[论文解读] Three-component modeling of C-rich AGB star winds I. Method and first results

C. Sandín, S. Höfner|ArXiv.org|Nov 13, 2002
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 24被引用 17
一句话总结

本文提出了一种新颖的三组分时变流体动力学模型,用于C型富集的AGB恒星风,将气体、尘埃和辐射视为具有独立守恒定律的独立相。通过引入尘埃的独立运动方程和物理解释的阻力力,该模型揭示尘埃漂移提高了风形成的阈值,并抑制了低质量损失率的风,挑战了以往气体与尘埃完全耦合的假设。

ABSTRACT

Radiative acceleration of newly-formed dust grains and transfer of momentum from the dust to the gas plays an important role for driving winds of AGB stars. Therefore a detailed description of the interaction of gas and dust is a prerequisite for realistic models of such winds. In this paper we present the method and first results of a three-component time-dependent model of dust-driven AGB star winds. With the model we plan to study the role and effects of the gas-dust interaction on the mass loss and wind formation. The wind model includes separate conservation laws for each of the three components of gas, dust and the radiation field and is developed from an existing model which assumes position coupling between the gas and the dust. As a new feature we introduce a separate equation of motion for the dust component in order to fully separate the dust phase from the gas phase. The transfer of mass, energy and momentum between the phases is treated by interaction terms. We also carry out a detailed study of the physical form and influence of the momentum transfer term (the drag force) and three approximations to it. In the present study we are interested mainly in the effect of the new treatment of the dust velocity on dust-induced instabilities in the wind. As we want to study the consequences of the additional freedom of the dust velocity on the model we calculate winds both with and without the separate dust equation of motion. The wind models are calculated for several sets of stellar parameters. We find that there is a higher threshold in the carbon/oxygen abundance ratio at which winds form in the new model. The winds of the new models, which include drift, differ from the previously stationary winds, and the winds with the lowest mass loss rates no longer form.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种物理解释一致、时变的C型富集AGB恒星风模型,将气体、尘埃和辐射作为具有独立动力学的独立组分。
  • 研究通过为尘埃引入独立运动方程,将尘埃与气体解耦的影响,超越位置耦合或完全动量耦合的模型。
  • 考察阻力力(动量传递)的形式与处理方式对风稳定性、质量损失和风形成阈值的影响。
  • 评估尘埃诱导不稳定性以及在扩展AGB大气中连续相和自由分子流近似方法的物理有效性。
  • 通过提升风模型的物理真实性,为AGB恒星的质量损失率和光谱能量分布提供更优的估计基础。

提出的方法

  • 该模型为气体、尘埃和辐射场分别采用质量、动量和能量的守恒方程,使各组分独立演化。
  • 基于气-尘碰撞推导出新的阻力力项,并测试三种近似方法以评估对动量传递公式的敏感性。
  • 通过辐射加速度将辐射场与尘埃耦合,尘埃颗粒从辐射获得动量,并通过阻力力将动量传递给气体。
  • 模型采用时变流体动力学方法,结合隐式时间积分,以处理各组分之间的非线性耦合并允许瞬态行为。
  • 计算物理条件如克努森数,以验证气体的连续相近似和尘埃的自由分子区,确保阻力力推导的有效性。
  • 该模型应用于多个恒星参数集,对比有无独立尘埃运动方程的结果,以隔离尘埃漂移的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1为尘埃引入独立运动方程如何影响AGB风的形成阈值?
  • RQ2尘埃漂移对AGB风的稳定性与结构有何影响,特别是在低质量损失率区域?
  • RQ3对阻力力的不同近似如何影响风动力学与质量损失率?
  • RQ4在AGB恒星的扩展大气中,连续气流与自由分子尘埃流的假设在多大程度上成立?
  • RQ5该新模型是否能在不依赖人为机制的情况下重现观测到的风特征,如周期性质量损失或壳层结构?

主要发现

  • 具有独立尘埃动力学的新模型显示,风形成的碳氧比阈值高于以往模型。
  • 该新模型中包含尘埃漂移的风与以往假设的静止风显著不同,尤其在动力学结构与稳定性方面。
  • 以往认为可能存在的最低质量损失率风在新模型中不再形成,表明由于气体与尘埃解耦,弱喷流被抑制。
  • 克努森数分析确认,建模大气中气体始终处于连续相($\mathcal{K}_n \ll 1$),验证了连续流体动力学在气体中的适用性。
  • 尘埃相对于气体处于自由分子区($\mathcal{K}'_{n,d} \gtrsim 10^{10}$),支持基于自由分子气-尘碰撞推导的阻力力表达式的使用。
  • 结果表明,假设气体与尘埃完全动量或位置耦合会高估风的形成潜力,尤其是在低质量损失率情况下。

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