Han Sung Kim

This paper introduces a 3-DOF translational parallel manipulator called Cartesian Parallel Manipulator (CPM). The manipulator consists of a moving platform that is connected to a fixed base by three limbs. Each limb is made up of one prismatic and three revolute joints and all joint axes are parallel to one another. In this way, each limb provides two rotational constraints to the moving platform and the combined effects of the three limbs lead to an over-constrained mechanism with three transla

This paper presents the design of spatial 3-RPS parallel manipulators from dimensional synthesis point of view. Since a spatial 3-RPS manipulator has only 3 degrees of freedom, its end effector cannot be positioned arbitrarily in space. It is shown that at most six positions and orientations of the moving platform can be prescribed at will and, given six prescribed positions, there are at most ten RPS chains that can be used to construct up to 120 manipulators. Further, solution methods for fewe

This study investigated B16F10 melanoma cell death induced by melatonin combined with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Cell viability was significantly decreased after treatment with melatonin combined with ER stress from thapsigargin or tunicamycin compared to no treatment or treatment with melatonin only. Combined melatonin and ER stress also significantly reduced expression of p85β, p-Akt (Ser473, Thr308), and p-mTOR (Ser2448, Ser2481) compared to treatment

Electron tomography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the unique three-dimensional structures of helical or zigzagged GaN, ZnGa2O4, and Zn2SnO4 nanowires. The GaN nanowires adopt a helical structure that consists of six equivalent <011> growth directions with the axial [0001] direction. We also confirmed that the ZnGa2O4 nanosprings have four equivalent <011> growth directions with the [001] axial direction. The zigzagged Zn2SnO4 nanowires consisted o

Electron tomography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the unique three-dimensional (3D) structures of twinned Zn(3)P(2) (tetragonal) and InAs (zinc blende) nanowires synthesized by the vapor transport method. The Zn(3)P(2) nanowires adopt a unique superlattice structure that consists of twinned octahedral slice segments having alternating orientations along the axial [111] direction of a pseudo cubic unit cell. The apexes of the octahedral slice segme

A simple yet general method determines the stiffness matrix for parallel manipulators with serially connected legs. Link and actuator flexibilities for each leg are modeled by flexibility matrices that are additive. The effect of passive joints is implicitly included using reciprocal screws to yield a leg stiffness matrix that is generally singular. Since the legs act in parallel the leg stiffnesses are additive and yield the manipulator stiffness. The method is applicable to overconstrained, ex

Ga1−xMnxAs nanowires were synthesized with finely controlled Mn contents (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05) by the vapor transport method. They consisted of single-crystalline GaAs nanocrystals (avg. diameter = 60 nm) grown along the [111] direction. The Mn doping decreases the lattice constant, most significantly at x ≈ 0.03. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that as the Mn content increases, the binding energy of Ga 2p shifts to a higher energy, which can be correlated with the hybrid

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug with side effects including the development of chronic nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated CsA treatment induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in pituitary GH3 cells. CsA treatment (0.1 to 10 µM) decreased survival of GH3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell viability decreased significantly with increasing CsA concentrations largely due to an increase in apoptosis, while cell death rates due to autophagy altered only s

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, increased bone fragility, and a greater risk for bone fracture. Currently, pharmacological intervention can generally aid in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, but these therapies are often accompanied by undesirable side effects. Therefore, alternative therapies that minimize side effects are necessary. Biophysical stimuli, especially low-intensity ultrasound stimulation (LIUS), may be potential alternatives to drug-based ther

This paper introduces a new 3-DOF translational parallel manipulator named the Cartesian Parallel Manipulator (CPM). The manipulator consists of a moving platform that is connected to a fixed base by three limbs. Each limb is made up of one prismatic and three revolute joints and all joint axes are parallel to one another. In this way, each limb provides two rotational constraints to the moving platform and the combined effects of the three limbs lead to an over-constrained mechanism with three

As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy education has recently shifted to fostering computing thinking ability as well as ICT use, many countries are conducting research on national curriculum and evaluation. In this study, we measured Korean students’ ICT literacy levels by using the national measurement tool that assesses abilities of the IT (Information Technology) area and the CT (Computational Thinking) area. A research team revised an existing ICT literacy assessment too