Jongwon Lee

A spatial-skills test is used to examine the effect of GIS learning on the spatial thinking ability of college students. Eighty students at a large state university completed pre- and post- spatial-skills tests administered during the 2003 fall semester. Analysis of changes in the students' test scores revealed that GIS learning helped students think spatially. These improvements were the result of the connection between students' GIS activities and experiences and the tested spatial thinking sk

Abstract This article introduces the development and validation of the spatial thinking ability test (STAT). The STAT consists of sixteen multiple-choice questions of eight types. The STAT was validated by administering it to a sample of 532 junior high, high school, and university students. Factor analysis using principal components extraction was applied to identify underlying spatial thinking components and to evaluate the construct validity of the STAT. Spatial components identified through

Electrically tunable mid‐infrared metasurfaces with nanosecond response time and broad tuning range are reported. Electrical tuning is achieved by employing strong polaritonic coupling of electromagnetic modes in metallic nanoresonators with voltage‐tunable inter‐subband transitions in semiconductor heterostructures, tailored for a giant quantum‐confined Stark effect. Experimentally, a 220‐nm‐thick multi‐quantum‐well semiconductor layer is sandwiched between a ground plane and a metal layer patt

Ultrathin metasurfaces with record-high nonlinear optical response of 1.2 × 106 pm V−1 for second harmonic generation are experimentally demonstrated in the mid-infrared spectral range. A second harmonic power conversion efficiency of 0.075% is achieved in a 400-nm-thick (λ/25) metasurface at a pump intensity of only 15 kW cm−2. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized f

Abstract Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most attractive anode material for high‐energy Li batteries, but it faces unavoidable challenges—uncontrollable dendritic growth of Li and severe volume changes during Li plating and stripping. Herein, a porous carbon framework (PCF) derived from a metal–organic framework (MOF) is proposed as a dual‐phase Li storage material that enables efficient and reversible Li storage via lithiation and metallization processes. Li is electrochemically stored in

Nonlinear metasurfaces are advancing into a new paradigm of "flat nonlinear optics" owing to the ability to engineer local nonlinear responses in subwavelength-thin films. Recently, attempts have been made to expand the design space of nonlinear metasurfaces through nonlinear chiral responses. However, the development of metasurfaces that display both giant nonlinear circular dichroism and significantly large nonlinear optical response is still an unresolved challenge. Herein, we propose a metho

Geography educators have been, and continue to be, interested in spatial thinking, especially since they have been convinced of its importance in their students’ ability to learn and do geography. As they developed strategies to improve students’ spatial thinking, they searched for assessment instruments to evaluate their interventions’ effects. Because they and we found existing psychometric tests of spatial ability lacking, we developed the Spatial Thinking Ability Test. This article reviews 2

Abstract Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has received considerable attention regarding high‐capacity communication owing to its spatial orthogonality. However, it is still challenging to build a compact communication system that can generate multiple coaxial OAM beams and receive information from each. In this work, OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing at the E‐band frequency using a single metasurface structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. For OAM multiplexing, the metasurface use

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a powerful methodology for sensing and identifying small quantities of analyte molecules via coupling between molecular vibrations and an enhanced near-field induced in engineered structures. A metamaterial absorber (MA) is proposed as an efficient SEIRA platform; however, its efficiency is limited because it requires the appropriate insulator thickness and has a limited accessible area for sensing. SEIRA spectroscopy is proposed using

Abstract Nonlinear responses in metasurfaces have shown great promise for various applications, such as nonlinear holography, spectroscopy, and novel nonlinear light sources. Metasurfaces that produce nonlinear responses have the advantage of greatly relaxed phase‐matching conditions, which can simplify nonlinear optical systems. However, the practical use of nonlinear metasurfaces with an accessible optical pump source requires giant nonlinear responses. A multi‐quantum‐well‐loaded nonlinear me

There has been much research into the nature and uses of school geography textbooks as teaching resources, yet the perceptions of their authors have been neglected. This study investigated the perspectives of a sample of authors of English primary and secondary school geography textbooks on their experiences as textbook authors. It enquired into their motivations and valuing of geographical learning, expertise in textbook writing, influences on and challenges they faced in textbook development,

This study investigated the perspectives of seven English authors, on aspects of their geography textbook writing for schools in England, through a questionnaire-based enquiry. This investigation asked about the features that geography textbook authors consider to be the most important when designing student activities, and which criteria they used to select and develop case studies for their textbooks. The authors emphasized the geographical content and key concepts for developing pupils’ knowl

In geography education, geospatial technologies have been actively researched and widely used in combination with classroom inquiry and fieldwork. Recently, emerging data sources and technologies, such as open data, big data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are now gaining attention for their educational potential. In this study, both existing and emerging data and technologies are combined and grouped into four categories: (1) Geospatial Web service, (2) open data and big data, (3) fieldwork

Our study is to determine the policy priorities for creative tourist industry using the AHP method in Korea. We conducted a literature review for the concept of creative tourism and policies to promote the industry. 13 experts participated in this research. The result shows that supporting venture businesses, midsize businesses, and entrepreneurs is the top policy priority. Protecting the intellectual property and investing in information technology are also important. The research shows that th