Kyung‐Seok Hu

The mandible is the largest and hardest facial bone and retains its shape better than other bones in the forensic and physical anthropologic field. The mandible can be used to distinguish among ethnic groups and between sexes. We examined the morphological characteristics of the mandibles of 102 Koreans of either sex. Of 13 nonmetric items of the mandible, the characteristic that best allowed the sexes to be distinguished was the contour of the lower border of the mandible: rocker-shaped mandibl

ABSTRACT Introduction : The trigeminal nerve (CN V) supplies mostly sensory innervation to the face, and the facial nerve (CN VII) conveys primarily motor fibers. The aim of this study was to elucidate their distributions and anastomoses. Methods : Fourteen specimens of hemisectioned faces were gathered from human cadavers and stained with Sihler staining. Results : The temporal (Tbr), zygomatic (Zbr), and buccal (Bbr) branches of CN VII formed trigeminofacial anastomoses in the ocular area. Com

The safest zone for placement of a miniscrew in the maxilla was between the second premolar and the first molar, from 6 to 8 mm from the cervical line. The safest zone for placement of a miniscrew in the mandible was between the first and second molars, less than 5 mm from the cervical line.

These findings suggest that treatment of muscle spasticity of the ankle invertors involves botulinum toxin injections in specific areas. These areas, corresponding to the areas of maximum arborization, are recommended as the most effective and safest points for injection.

PURPOSE: Special care is necessary to avoid invading important anatomic structures during surgery when presurgical planning is made based on radiographs. However, none of these types of radiography represents a perfect modality. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of presurgical planning based on the use of two types of radiographic image (digital panoramic radiography [DPR] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]) by beginner dentists to place implants, and to quantify d

The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution pattern and innervation territory of the mental nerve (MN) in the skin and mucosa by topographic examination by Sihler's staining, thereby providing reference anatomical information for surgical procedures and to enable prediction of regions of sensory disturbance following nerve damage. Ten human specimens were subjected to Sihler's staining, which is a highly accurate method for visualizing the distribution of nerve fibers without altering

The zygomatic nerve (ZN), which originates from the maxillary nerve at the pterygopalatine fossa, enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. Within the lateral region of the orbit, the ZN divides into the zygomaticofacial (ZF) and zygomaticotemporal (ZT) nerves. The ZF and ZT nerves then pass on to the face and temporal region through the zygomaticoorbital foramen and enter their own bony canals within the zygomatic bone. However, multiple zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal cana

Little is currently known about the variations in the muscular band around the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) region, and so the aim of the current study was to describe in anatomic terms the morphologic patterns of the lateral muscular bands of the OOc. Sixty-one hemifaces from embalmed Korean adult cadavers (34 males, 27 females; age range, 45-85 years; mean age, 62.6 years; 28 bilateral and 5 unilateral) were dissected to reveal the anatomic features of the region around the OOc. The lateral

The classification of nasolabial folds into three types, each with distinct causative factors and mechanisms, is explored. Age-related changes in facial skin and connective tissues are examined in detail, revealing variations across different facial regions due to variances in tissue firmness and thickness. The innovative ‘Reverse Technique,’ involving cog threads to enhance tissue traction and effectiveness in thread-lifting procedures, is introduced. Detailed technical guidelines, anatomical c

The dramatic changes in facial expression are most remarkable in the perioral region. Among the perioral musculatures, the zygomaticus major (ZMj) muscle plays an important role in the facial expression. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomic patterns of the bifid ZMj through a topographic examination at the perioral region. Through 70 dissections of the hemifaces, the insertion area of the ZMj was observed in 70 embalmed cadavers. The bifid ZMj was observed in 28 cases (40%). In mo

The aim of this study was to determine the location and size of the lingual foramina and the course of their canals using micro-computed tomography. Twenty Korean mandibles were scanned using a micro-computed tomography system and reconstructed three-dimensionally to enable observation of the lingual foramina and their canals. Four mandibles (20%) had a single foramen at the lingual side of the mandibular midline, 8 mandibles (40%) had 2 foramina, and 5 mandibles (25%) had 3 foramina. Three mand

The purpose of the present study is to provide useful data that could be applied to various types of periodontal plastic surgery by detailing the topography of the greater palatine artery (GPA), looking in particular at its depth from the palatal masticatory mucosa (PMM) and conducting a morphometric analysis of the palatal vault. Forty-three hemisectioned hard palates from embalmed Korean adult cadavers were used in this study. The morphometry of the palatal vault was analyzed, and then the spe

The mentalis muscle is now considered key structures when performing procedures for rejuvenating the lower face. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical morphology and location of the mentalis muscle and thereby provide anatomical information for facilitating clinical procedures designed to rejuvenate the lower face. Forty-four adult hemifaces from five Thai cadavers and 21 Korean cadavers were dissected to identify the locations of the mentalis muscle. Sixty-six hemifaces from 33