Masanori J. Toda

Animal terminalia represent some of the most diverse and rapidly evolving structures in the animal kingdom, and for this reason have been a mainstay in the taxonomic description of species. The terminalia of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, with its wide range of experimental tools, have recently become the focus of increased interest in the fields of development, evolution, and behavior. However, studies from different disciplines have often used discrepant terminologies for the same anatomical

Long-read sequencing is driving rapid progress in genome assembly across all major groups of life, including species of the family Drosophilidae, a longtime model system for genetics, genomics, and evolution. We previously developed a cost-effective hybrid Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing approach and used it to assemble 101 drosophilid genomes from laboratory cultures, greatly increasing the number of genome assemblies for this taxonomic group. The next major c

1. In nature various mechanisms that provide some refuges for inferior species to escape from competition act together to promote the species coexistence in a local community. We propose a method to evaluate simultaneously the relative importance of different mechanisms for the species coexistence, focusing on a mycophagous drosophilid community depending on a multispecies fungal host system, where two mechanisms – aggregation over patches of single fungal species and resource partitioning at th

Abstract Based on the specimens collected from Myanmar (Burma), 5 new species of the Drosophila melanogaster species-group, viz., D. flavicauda, D. pyo, D. nyinyii, D. fuyamai, and D. myamaungi, are described, along with collection records of 20 known species of the same species-group, of which 11 species are new to Myanmar. Two new species-subgroups, the D. rhopaloa and the D. longissima subgroups, are established.

Abstract Colocasiomyia , a moderate‐sized genus in the subfamily Drosophilinae, comprises seventy (twenty‐six described and forty‐four undescribed) species. Several Colocasiomyia species have evolved intimate mutualisms with specific host plants, especially of the family Araceae: the flies depend throughout the entire life cycle, oviposition, larval growth, pupation, and adult feeding and mating, on inflorescences of their host plants, and in turn act as species‐specific pollinators for their ho

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The model organism <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> has become a focal system for investigations of rapidly evolving genital morphology as well as the development and functions of insect reproductive structures. To follow up on a previous paper outlining unifying terminology for the structures of the male terminalia in this species, we offer here a detailed description of the female terminalia of <i>D. melanogaster</i>. Informative diagrams and micrographs are presented to provide a comprehensive

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Abstract Three‐dimensional dispersion of drosophilid flies was studied within a secondary broad‐leaved forest in relation to forest structure. The survey area included the forest margin and old canopy gaps and varied in the foliage height profile from place to place. Using multivariate analyses on the data of drosophilid dispersion, five microhabitats which were different from one another for drosophilids were recognized: (i) canopy layer; (ii) middle layer; (iii) floor layer of forest interior;

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Abstract The phylogeny of Colocasiomyia ( D rosophilidae) is analysed using data for 70 morphological characters, many of which are re‐evaluated from or added to those used previously, for an expanded taxon sample of 24 Colocasiomyia ingroup species. A special focus is put on three species, of which two have remained unresolved for their relationships to other Colocasiomyia species, and the other is a newly discovered species. The analysis results in a single, most parsimonious cladogram, in whi

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Abstract A total of 21 Colocasiomyia species, including 17 undescribed species, are reported from Sabah (Mt. Kinabalu and neighboring areas), Malaysia, based on samples collected from inflorescences of 14 or 15 Araceae species. This number of species is the largest as a local fauna of this genus in the world. The high species diversity is attributed to 12 undescribed species belonging to the Colocasiomyia baechlii species group. A particular breeding habit of Colocasiomyia is sharing of the same

The northern subarctic region is the limit of the distribution of Drosophilidae (Toda 1984); the family is of tropical origin (Throckmorton 1975). Hence, a drosophilid community inhabiting the northernmost subarctic region is likely to have a relatively simple community structure. This note presents information on the habitat preferences of a drosophilid community at Inuvik (68°22′ N, 133°45′ W) in the Mackenzie delta, Northwest Territories, Canada.