Muhammad Usman

This review explores eco-friendly methods for extracting bioactive natural products from diverse sources. The introductory exploration emphasizes the increasing demand for sustainable extraction methods, with a focus on the environmental impact of conventional approaches. Addressing existing knowledge gaps, this review outlines the key objectives of evaluating various green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extra

It is crucial to find sustainable and renewable fuel sources because traditional fossil fuels are running out and pollution levels are rising. In this context, biocrude derived from biomass emerges as a promising alternative, with hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) playing a pivotal role in this transformation. HTL's versatility in converting a wide range of biomass or waste materials into biocrude is especially notable. Therefore, this comprehensive review focused on the latest advancements in HTL

The quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel feedstocks has led to the exploration of green solvents for the extraction of bio-oil from various biomass sources. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and future research outlooks for different categories of green extraction solvents, including bio-based solvents, water-based solvents, supercritical fluids, and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The background of each solvent category is discussed, highligh

The push for sustainability in nanomaterials has catalyzed significant advancements in the green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from renewable resources. This review uniquely explores recent innovations, including the integration of hybrid techniques, such as micro-wave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal methods, as well as photocatalytic synthesis. These combined approaches represent a breakthrough, offering rapid production, precise control over CD properties, and enhanced environme

The fungal endophytes are an understudied area of research with great potential for new bioactive compounds’ discovery. These are the fungal strains that live within the inner compartments of the host plant without causing it any kind of harm. These fungal endophytes, in combination with the host organisms, synthesize many compounds with a range of pharmaceutical values. Most recently, the discovery of fungal endophyte genes which are linked with the biosynthesis of plant metabolites has opened

The start of art SAFs production routes and HTL potential for overcoming challenges.

This study explored the effectiveness of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in converting sewage sludge (SS) into high-quality biocrude. It scrutinized the influence of various solvents, including conventional choices like dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane, alongside environmentally friendly alternatives, such as ethyl butyrate (EB) and ethyl acetate (EA). HTL experiments, conducted at 350 °C for 60 min in a 20 mL batch reactor, include solvent-based biocrude extraction. Notably, EB showed the highe

Smog is one of the most concerning issue for Pakistan, confronting some prior years. Exhaust cloud is a blend of Smoke and mist which is framed because of air contamination of NOx, SOx communication with the mist or water vapors and ground-level ozone. we have talked about the reasons, impacts, new strategies to control or tidy up the pipe gases (Water Showering truly outstanding and conceivable arrangements which surrendered the most extreme accomplishments to 70 to 80 percent to evacuate the c

Biodiesel is outstanding amongst other elective fuel to the non-renewable energy sources which are non-renewable and will be run out in coming future. Because of an Earth-wide temperature boost and appeal of vitality we should move towards sustainable assets. Biodiesel production from wastewater sludge treatment by extracting the lipids are economically feasible because it has high contents of lipids feedstock with high yield of oil and negligible cost on feedstock. 49.4 ton for every hour biodi

Many tropical islands, including Aruba, Seychelles, Mauritius, and Pacific Island countries, are entirely dependent on importing fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. Due to global warming, improving energy use efficiency and developing regionally available renewable energy resources are necessary to reduce carbon emissions. This review analyzed and identified biomass feedstocks to produce liquid biofuels targeting tropical islands, particularly focusing on Hawaii as a case study. Transport

The global shift toward sustainable waste management and renewable energy has sparked interest in biofuel production from sewage sludge (SS). This study evaluated four waste-to-biofuel processes like Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) with upgrading, Transesterification, and Incineration with and without energy recovery using ASPEN Plus V12 to assess their techno-economic, energy, and environmental performance. HTL with upgrading emerged as the most efficient, generating ~4,000,000 MJ/year and emit

This study explores transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer in the flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface, considering both steady and unsteady scenarios. The investigation incorporates chemical reactions, slip boundary conditions, and the effects of thermal radiation. The hybrid nanofluid, composed of copper oxide (CuO) and gold (Au) nanoparticles in a water-based fluid, demonstrates enhanced thermal performance compared with base fluids. Key findings reveal tha