Munehiro Furuichi

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms in the intestine can result from long-term antibiotic use or inflammatory conditions, and may perpetuate dysregulated immunity and tissue damage^1,2. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae gut pathobionts are particularly recalcitrant to conventional antibiotic treatment^3,4, although an emerging body of evidence suggests that manipulation of the commensal microbiota may be a practical alternative therapeutic

ID consultation was associated with a higher rate of appropriate therapy and may decrease mortality because of enterococcal bacteremia in children.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia should be considered in breakthrough bacteremia in pediatric patients who receive carbapenems within 7 days prior to onset.

Late-onset BSI developed in 9% of recipients after pediatric LT. Gram-negative rods accounted for the majority of late-onset BSI as a consequence of abdominal infection, but the focus was often unclear. Prolonged operative time at LT and biliary stenosis were independent risk factors for developing late-onset BSI.

Nationwide surveillance of pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan from 2019 to 2021 revealed two uncommon situations not covered by the recommended empiric treatment that were not rare in Japan, namely, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing-producing Escherichia coli in neonates and Listeria monocytogenes in children older than 1 month.

Fulminant hepatic failure was found to be a risk factor for CMV infection independent of CMV serostatus.

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a mother-to-child infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum , transmitted through the placenta. In Japan, the number of syphilis cases has recently increased, accompanied by an increase in CS cases. Thus, automated methods for serum antibodies with serial values, without a 2× dilution sequence, have been widely used. Moreover, benzathine penicillin G was introduced in Japan in 2021. In response to the recent surge in CS, the first edition of the clinical pr

A 3-year-old boy with congenital heart disease (CHD) and trisomy 21 was admitted to our hospital for worsening of dyspnea at the end of March 2020. He was diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) at birth and had undergone a Rastelli procedure at 1 year of age. He had no obvious contact with people who were diagnosed as COVID-19. On admission, he weighed 11.3 kg, which was 1 kg heavier than usual. Vital signs were as follows: temperature, 36.2 °C; blood pressure, 122

The study identified male, age, vaccine combinations (PCV13 and DPT-IPV), and summer as factors associated with post-vaccination fever in Japanese infants using real-world data from a childcare application.

According to a 20-year long-term study, vaccine strains are the most critical factor influencing primary and secondary vaccine failure in post-transplant live-attenuated vaccination.

The clinical characteristics of the 2 groups were similar; however, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy showed worse discharge neurologic outcomes, warranting cautious interpretation. Enhancing public awareness of the severe outcomes and conducting further research is essential for better understanding its pathogenesis and treatment.