Satoshi Ishizuka

To examine the effects of rhinovirus (RV) infection on the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human tracheal epithelial cells, cells were infected with RV-14, and S. pneumoniae were added to the culture medium. The number of S. pneumoniae adhering to epithelial cells increased after RV infection. Y-24180, a specific inhibitor of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R); PAF; and the pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB

To examine the effects of acid exposure on the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells, cells were exposed to acid at various pH levels, and various concentrations of S. pneumoniae were added to the culture medium. The number of S. pneumoniae adhering to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells increased after acid exposure. Y-24180, a specific inhibitor of the receptor for the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF itself decreased the number of S. pn

According to epidemiologic studies, a negative correlation exists between exercise amount and subsequent cancer development risk in the large intestine. The proportion of secondary bile acids (SBA) in the large intestine is related to subsequent risk for colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of voluntary wheel running exercise and dietary intervention on bile acid (BA) metabolism in the large intestine. Wistar/ST rats (6 wk old) were divided into two gro

Intestinal bacteria are involved in bile acid (BA) deconjugation and/or dehydroxylation and are responsible for the production of secondary BA. However, an increase in the production of secondary BA modulates the intestinal microbiota due to the bactericidal effects and promotes cancer risk in the liver and colon. The ingestion of Bacillus coagulans improves constipation via the activation of bowel movement to promote defaecation in humans, which may alter BA metabolism in the intestinal content

Intestinal crypts are composed of a well-defined hierarchy of epithelial cells, and proliferating epithelial cells reside close to the bottom of the crypts-even in the large intestine. We investigated whether CD8(+)and CD4(+)intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and CD161(+) natural killer (NK) cells localized in proliferating or differentiated epithelial region of cecum and colon. Both proliferating epithelial layer cells and the immune cells along the longitudinal crypt axis of the large intestin

We evaluated the effects of Bifidobacterium breve JCM1192(T )and/or raffinose on epithelial proliferation in the rat small and large intestines. WKAH/Hkm Slc rats (4 wk old) were fed a control diet, a diet supplemented with either encapsulated B. breve (30 g/kg diet, 1.5 x 10(7) colony-forming unit/g capsule) or raffinose (30 g/kg diet), or a diet supplemented with both encapsulated B. breve and raffinose, for 3 wk. Epithelial proliferation in the small intestine, as assessed by bromodeoxyuridin

A high-fat diet increases 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) secretion in rats, and secondary BAs are responsible for the leaky gut. This study aimed to examine the role of primary 12αOH BAs in gut barrier impairment in rats using dietary cholic acid (CA) supplementation (0.5 g/kg diet). The CA diet increased the 12αOH BAs concentrations in the small and large intestine, accompanied by gut barrier impairment. Based on the luminal 12αOH BAs concentrations, ex vivo gut leakiness was determine

We studied whether ingestion of dietary fiber modifies the distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in a physiological condition. Male WKAH rats were fed diets either with fiber (sugar beet fiber or crystalline cellulose, 100 g/kg diet each) or without fiber for 3 weeks. The number of CD8(+), CD4(+), and NKR-P1(+) IEL per epithelial layer in the crypt section of the cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon were scored by immunohistochemical staining. We found that the proportion of CD8(+

Our study provided evidence that the physiological effects of α-glucosaccharides on colitis depend on their DP, linkage type, and digestibility.