Taku Sugiyama

The application of optimal forces between surgical instruments and tissue is fundamental to surgical performance and learning. To date, this force has not been measured clinically during the performance of microsurgery.

Although rated as more useful by trainees than by experts, immersive 3D VR modeling increased surgeons' understanding of patient-specific anatomy and improved surgical strategy in certain cases involving challenging anatomy.

hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the infarct brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the infarct brain.

The mechanisms through which moyamoya disease occurs and progresses remain unknown. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the development of moyamoya disease. This study directly investigated the participation of EPCs in moyamoya disease, using specimens of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery collected from two adult patients. The specimens were stained with primary antibodies against CD34, CD133, and vascular endothelial growth

This work aims to develop an algorithm to detect the distal end of a surgical instrument using object detection with deep learning. We employed nine video recordings of carotid endarterectomies for training and testing. We obtained regions of interest (ROI; 32 × 32 pixels), at the end of the surgical instrument on the video images, as supervised data. We applied data augmentation to these ROIs. We employed a You Only Look Once Version 2 (YOLOv2) -based convolutional neural network as the network

Background Adequate surgical planning includes a precise understanding of patient-specific anatomy and is a necessity for neurosurgeons. Although the use of virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging in surgical planning and education, few studies have examined the effectiveness of immersive VR during surgical planning using a modern head-mounted display. Objective To investigate if and how immersive VR aids presurgical discussions of cerebrovascular surgery. Methods A multiuser immersive VR sy

This study shows that tissue motion parameters could be a novel and feasible surrogate marker for the objective assessment on the 'gentleness' of surgical performance. Future studies should be performed to further elucidate the relationship on the direct correlation between tissue kinematic data and clinical outcomes or surgical adverse events.

Although microsurgical results were acceptable, the surgeon should be aware of the presence of pial arterial feeders even after the simple disconnection of cortical venous drainage. Angiographically occult feeders may also exist.