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[论文解读] 3D Augmented Reality-Assisted CT-Guided Interventions: System Design and Preclinical Trial on an Abdominal Phantom using HoloLens 2

Brian Park, Stephen J. Hunt|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 19, 2020
Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques参考文献 22被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究提出了一种基于 Microsoft HoloLens 2 的 3D 增强现实(AR)导航系统,用于改善 CT 引导下的介入治疗,特别是针对非平面病灶。在腹部体模的临床前试验中,AR 导航使穿刺次数减少了 54.2%(从 7.4 次降至 3.4 次),辐射剂量降低了 41.0%,并完全消除了对非目标病灶的损伤,同时实现了不同经验水平操作者之间性能的一致性。

ABSTRACT

Background: Out-of-plane lesions pose challenges for CT-guided interventions. Augmented reality (AR) headset devices have evolved and are readily capable to provide virtual 3D guidance to improve CT-guided targeting. Purpose: To describe the design of a three-dimensional (3D) AR-assisted navigation system using HoloLens 2 and evaluate its performance through CT-guided simulations. Materials and Methods: A prospective trial was performed assessing CT-guided needle targeting on an abdominal phantom with and without AR guidance. A total of 8 operators with varying clinical experience were enrolled and performed a total of 86 needle passes. Procedure efficiency, radiation dose, and complication rates were compared with and without AR guidance. Vector analysis of the first needle pass was also performed. Results: Average total number of needle passes to reach the target reduced from 7.4 passes without AR to 3.4 passes with AR (54.2% decrease, p=0.011). Average dose-length product (DLP) decreased from 538 mGy-cm without AR to 318 mGy-cm with AR (41.0% decrease, p=0.009). Complication rate of hitting a non-targeted lesion decreased from 11.9% without AR (7/59 needle passes) to 0% with AR (0/27 needle passes). First needle passes were more nearly aligned with the ideal target trajectory with AR versus without AR (4.6° vs 8.0° offset, respectively, p=0.018). Medical students, residents, and attendings all performed at the same level with AR guidance. Conclusions: 3D AR guidance can provide significant improvements in procedural efficiency and radiation dose savings for targeting challenging, out-of-plane lesions. AR guidance elevated the performance of all operators to the same level irrespective of prior clinical experience.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决在 CT 引导下介入治疗中针对非平面病灶的临床挑战。
  • 设计并评估一种基于 HoloLens 2 的 3D 增强现实导航系统,用于实时手术引导。
  • 评估在不同经验水平操作者中,程序效率、辐射剂量和准确性方面的改进情况。
  • 确定 AR 导航是否能够使医学实习生与主治医师的性能趋于一致。

提出的方法

  • 开发了一套将 CT 影像数据与 HoloLens 2 的实时空间追踪技术相结合的 3D AR 导航系统。
  • 通过基于标记点的配准方法,将虚拟的 3D 穿刺引导提示映射到物理体模上,以对齐 CT 视图与 AR 视图。
  • 通过 HoloLens 2 头戴设备,实现实时可视化操作者视野中的穿刺路径、目标点和穿刺轨迹。
  • 开展了一项前瞻性、盲法试验,比较在腹部体模上使用 AR 辅助与传统 CT 引导下穿刺定位的效果。
  • 采用矢量分析量化首次穿刺路径与理想穿刺轨迹的对齐程度。
  • 测量程序效率(穿刺次数)、辐射剂量(DLP)和并发症率(非目标病灶撞击)。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ13D AR 导航是否能减少 CT 引导下介入治疗中达到目标所需的穿刺次数?
  • RQ2AR 导航是否能显著降低 CT 引导下操作中的辐射剂量暴露?
  • RQ3AR 导航是否能提高定位准确性,特别是针对非平面病灶?
  • RQ4AR 导航是否能降低撞击非目标结构等并发症的风险?
  • RQ5AR 导航是否能缩小不同临床经验水平操作者之间的性能差异?

主要发现

  • 在无 AR 情况下平均穿刺次数为 7.4 次,使用 AR 后降至 3.4 次,减少了 54.2%(p = 0.011)。
  • 无 AR 时平均剂量长度乘积(DLP)为 538 mGy-cm,使用 AR 后降至 318 mGy-cm,降低了 41.0%(p = 0.009)。
  • 无 AR 时非目标病灶撞击的并发症率为 11.9%(59 次穿刺中 7 次),使用 AR 后为 0%(27 次穿刺中 0 次)。
  • 在 AR 导航下,首次穿刺路径与理想轨迹的偏差显著减小(偏差 4.6° vs. 无 AR 时 8.0°,p = 0.018)。
  • 医学实习生、住院医师和主治医师在 AR 导航下均达到相似的性能水平,表明性能实现标准化。
  • 无论操作者经验水平如何,该系统在所有指标上均表现出一致的改进。

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