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[论文解读] 4D Millimeter-Wave Radar in Autonomous Driving: A Survey

Zeyu Han, Jiahao Wang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 7, 2023
Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies被引用 13
一句话总结

关于面向自动驾驶的4D毫米波雷达的全面综述,涵盖理论、信号处理、标定、基于学习的点云生成、数据集、感知、定位、建图与未来趋势。

ABSTRACT

The 4D millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar, proficient in measuring the range, azimuth, elevation, and velocity of targets, has attracted considerable interest within the autonomous driving community. This is attributed to its robustness in extreme environments and the velocity and elevation measurement capabilities. However, despite the rapid advancement in research related to its sensing theory and application, there is a conspicuous absence of comprehensive surveys on the subject of 4D mmWave radar. In an effort to bridge this gap and stimulate future research, this paper presents an exhaustive survey on the utilization of 4D mmWave radar in autonomous driving. Initially, the paper provides reviews on the theoretical background and progress of 4D mmWave radars, encompassing aspects such as the signal processing workflow, resolution improvement approaches, and extrinsic calibration process. Learning-based radar data quality improvement methods are present following. Then, this paper introduces relevant datasets and application algorithms in autonomous driving perception, localization and mapping tasks. Finally, this paper concludes by forecasting future trends in the realm of 4D mmWave radar in autonomous driving. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey specifically dedicated to the 4D mmWave radar in autonomous driving.

研究动机与目标

  • 推动并整合对自动驾驶中4D mmWave雷达的研究,突出其优势与当前研究空白。
  • 总结4D毫米波雷达的理论背景、信号处理流程和分辨率增强技术。
  • 调研可用的数据集及基于学习的雷达点云生成方法。
  • 评述使用4D雷达的感知、定位和建图算法,并讨论未来方向。

提出的方法

  • 描述4D毫米波雷达信号处理流程与数据格式。
  • 解释在硬件和软件层面的分辨率提升方法。
  • 总结4D雷达系统的外标定方法。
  • 评述基于学习的雷达点云生成方法及其数据集。
  • 对使用4D雷达的感知、定位和建图应用进行分类与讨论。
  • 讨论4D雷达技术的未来趋势与研究方向。
Figure 1: The traditional signal processing flow and corresponding data formats of 4D mmWave radars [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
Figure 1: The traditional signal processing flow and corresponding data formats of 4D mmWave radars [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在自动驾驶中,4D毫米波雷达的理论和处理流程是什么?
  • RQ24D雷达点云生成及后续任务存在哪些数据集和基于学习的方法?
  • RQ34D雷达数据如何用于感知、定位和建图,以及与其他传感器的融合策略有哪些?
  • RQ4在自动驾驶的4D毫米波雷达研究中,未来的方向和挑战有哪些?

主要发现

  • 指出这是首次专注于自动驾驶中4D毫米波雷达的综述。
  • 概述4D毫米波雷达的信号处理流程、数据格式和分辨率提升技术。
  • 评述外标定方法和基于学习的雷达点云生成方法。
  • 提供了关于4D雷达在感知、定位和建图方面的数据集与应用的综合视角。
  • 讨论多模态融合策略和未来趋势,包括在点云前数据的利用和数据集丰富。
  • 指出4D雷达在恶劣环境中的鲁棒性,以及实现高度、距离、方位角和速度测量。
Figure 2: Timeline of 4D mmWave radar point cloud generation, datasets, perception, localization and mapping algorithms
Figure 2: Timeline of 4D mmWave radar point cloud generation, datasets, perception, localization and mapping algorithms

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