[论文解读] 6G Channel Modeling: Requirement, Measurement, Methodology and Simulator

Jianhua Zhang, Jiaxin Lin+15 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 26, 2023

Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies被引用 31

一句话总结

本论文综述6G通道研究，回顾THz、大规模MIMO、JPAS（JCAS）和RIS的测量与建模，并介绍6G通道仿真平台(BUPTCMG-IMT2030)。

ABSTRACT

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications have attracted substantial attention in the global research community of information and communication technologies (ICTs). 6G systems are expected to support not only extended 5G usage scenarios but also new usage scenarios, such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and communication, and communication and ubiquitous connectivity. To achieve this goal, channel characteristics must be comprehensively studied and properly exploited to promote the design, standardization, and optimization of 6G systems. In this paper, we first summarize the requirements and challenges in 6G channel research. Our focus is on channels for six promising technologies enabling 6G, including ISAC, extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO), mid-band and terahertz (THz) technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs). A survey of the progress in 6G channel research regarding the above six promising technologies is presented in terms of the latest measurement campaigns, new characteristics, modeling methods, and research prospects. To support testing, optimization and evaluation, existing 6G channel simulators are summarized. Then, BUPTCMCCCMG-IMT2030 is introduced as an example of a simulator that was developed on the basis of the ITU/3GPP 3D geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) methodology. We also address open issues covering standardization activities, AI-enabled methods, and system performance analysis in the context of 6G channel research. This paper offers in-depth, hands-on insights into the best practices of channel measurements, modeling, and simulations for the evaluation of 6G technologies, the development of 6G standards, and the implementation and optimization of 6G systems.

研究动机与目标

• 突出6G通道研究的挑战（高频段、大阵列、多样化场景），并推动新的建模需求。
• 回顾THz、大规模MIMO、JCAS和RIS四项6G使能技术的测量与建模进展。
• 介绍并描述首个6G通道仿真平台(BUPTCMG-IMT2030)，并提供实现示例。

提出的方法

• 总结 ITU-R M.2412/3GPP TR 38.901 通道建模原则并扩展到6G情境。
• 回顾THz传播机制与通道特征，包括具有频率/角度相关性的反射与散射模型（菲涅尔、Rayleigh粗糙度、ER/B-K/RCS方法）。
• 介绍覆盖100–1100 GHz的THz频段的测量活动与表征，包括测量仪器类型（VNA+RoF、相关时域），以及场景类型。
• 描述为考虑近场效应、空间非平稳性以及3D MIMO中的偏振对6G通道模型的扩展。
• 概述一个6G通道仿真平台(BUPTCMG-IMT2030)，包括框架、步骤和示例仿真（THz、非平稳性、RIS）。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 6G特有的关键通道研究挑战是什么（频率、阵列、传播机制和场景）？
• RQ2 THz、大规模MIMO、JCAS和RIS技术如何影响6G的通道测量、建模和参数化？
• RQ3 如何设计并使用一个实用的6G通道仿真平台来评估THz、非平稳性和RIS使能场景？

主要发现

• 6G推动KPIs（带宽、速率、时延、可靠性）上升，需要超越5G ITU/3GPP规范的新通道模型。
• THz 通道表现出频率与角度相关的反射与散射，需要先进模型（菲涅尔、Rayleigh粗糙度、ER/B-K、RCS）及近场考虑。
• 大规模MIMO引入近场与空间非平稳性效应，必须在通道模型与仿真中捕捉。
• JCAS与RIS引入独特的通道建模需求，包括传感相关信号与可编程表面，尤其在近场区域仍缺乏成熟模型。
• 提出首个6G通道仿真平台(BUPTCMG-IMT2030)，并给出THz、非平稳性与RIS场景的实际示例。