[论文解读] 6G White Paper on Localization and Sensing

André Bourdoux, André Noll Barreto+18 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 2, 2020

Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies参考文献 52被引用 158

一句话总结

本白皮书分析了面向5G之后的定位与感知未来机会（6G），概述了实现 cm 级定位和高分辨率感知并融入普遍通信的关键推动因素、挑战以及潜在的AI驱动解决方案。

ABSTRACT

This white paper explores future localization and sensing opportunities for beyond 5G wireless communication systems by identifying key technology enablers and discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and identifying potential solutions. In addition, we present exciting new opportunities for localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Following the trend initiated in the 5G NR systems, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Moreover, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will not only provide ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency and space. This white paper concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust. Addressing these challenges will undoubtedly require an inter-disciplinary and concerted effort from the research community.

研究动机与目标

• 识别6G定位与感知的主要技术推动因素。
• 讨论集成定位、感知与通信的实现挑战与潜在解决方案。
• 突出高分辨率感知与精确定位带来的新机会与应用。
• 解决6G定位与感知中的隐私、安全与信任问题。
• 倡导跨学科研究以解决基础挑战。

提出的方法

• 审查预计的6G技术，如更高的频段、更宽的带宽和大规模天线阵列，作为推动因素。
• 讨论可重构表面和新材料在控制电磁环境中的应用。
• 提出将机器学习和AI整合以利用数据和计算资源完成定位与感知任务。
• 分析定位与感知将如何与通信共存并在时间、频率和空间上共享资源。
• 识别感知支撑的网络的研究挑战及潜在的架构与协议解决方案。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 哪些技术推动因素将推动6G中的厘米级定位与高分辨率感知？
• RQ2 在将定位、感知与通信融合到6G时，主要的实现与集成挑战是什么？
• RQ3 如何利用机器学习与AI提高6G中的定位与感知性能？
• RQ4 6G定位与感知带来哪些隐私、安全与信任方面的考虑，又如何缓解？
• RQ5 实现6G定位与感知最关键的跨学科研究方向有哪些？

主要发现

• 6G将利用更高的频率、更宽的带宽和大规模MIMO来实现精细的距离、多普勒和角分辨率。
• 可重构表面和新材料将使运营商能够塑造电磁环境，以改善感知和定位。
• AI/ML将利用丰富的数据和计算资源来解决主要的定位与感知挑战。
• 定位与感知将与通信共存，在时间、频率和空间上共享资源。
• 基础性研究挑战包括隐私、安全与信任方面的考量，需要跨学科协作。