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[论文解读] A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Cyber Defences: Opportunities and Directions

Mohammed Hassanin, Nour Moustafa|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 23, 2024
Topic Modeling被引用 18
一句话总结

这篇论文综述了大型语言模型在网络防御中的应用,将方法分为威胁情报、漏洞评估、网络安全、隐私、意识与伦理,并概述挑战与未来方向。

ABSTRACT

The recent progression of Large Language Models (LLMs) has witnessed great success in the fields of data-centric applications. LLMs trained on massive textual datasets showed ability to encode not only context but also ability to provide powerful comprehension to downstream tasks. Interestingly, Generative Pre-trained Transformers utilised this ability to bring AI a step closer to human being replacement in at least datacentric applications. Such power can be leveraged to identify anomalies of cyber threats, enhance incident response, and automate routine security operations. We provide an overview for the recent activities of LLMs in cyber defence sections, as well as categorization for the cyber defence sections such as threat intelligence, vulnerability assessment, network security, privacy preserving, awareness and training, automation, and ethical guidelines. Fundamental concepts of the progression of LLMs from Transformers, Pre-trained Transformers, and GPT is presented. Next, the recent works of each section is surveyed with the related strengths and weaknesses. A special section about the challenges and directions of LLMs in cyber security is provided. Finally, possible future research directions for benefiting from LLMs in cyber security is discussed.

研究动机与目标

  • 对关键安全领域的最新 LLM 基于网络防御技术进行分类与综合。
  • 评估将 LLM 应用于网络安全任务的优点、缺点及实际挑战。
  • 识别研究空白并提出未来基于 LLM 的网络防御创新方向。

提出的方法

  • 提出跨越威胁情报、漏洞评估、网络安全、隐私保护、意识与培训,以及伦理准则的基于 LLM 的网络防御技术分类法。
  • 调查各类别中 LLM 应用的最新研究与案例,以突出优点、局限性与实际考量。
  • 讨论在安全情境下 LLM 的挑战、风险与治理考量。
  • 概述在网络安全领域从 LLM 获益的可行未来研究方向与机会。
  • 解释 LLMs 从 transformer 到 GPT 模型的演变及其与网络防御的相关性。
Figure 1: The evolution of LLMs and GPT is based on deep learning, GANs, and Transformers.
Figure 1: The evolution of LLMs and GPT is based on deep learning, GANs, and Transformers.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在威胁情报、漏洞评估与网络安全方面,主导的基于 LLM 的方法有哪些?
  • RQ2LLMs 在网络安全任务中的优势与劣势是什么,实际部署挑战有哪些?
  • RQ3当前关于 LLMs 的网络防御研究存在哪些空白,哪些未来方向最具潜力?

主要发现

  • LLMs 越来越多地应用于威胁情报、漏洞评估和网络安全,以提升数据分析、自动化和情景生成。
  • 应用可以在知识提取、异常检测和自动化测试方面提升准确性和速度,但也存在误报等问题以及威胁战术的演变。
  • 最近关于基于 LLM 的网络防御的出版物激增,显示出快速增长和对领域特定适配的持续探索。
  • 为实现 LLM 在安全领域的实际、负责任使用,需要解决重大治理、伦理和运营方面的考量。
  • 本文提供了一个分类法与综述,突出在各个网络防御子领域的优点与不足,以指导未来工作。
Figure 2: The publicly available LLMs in the most existing in recent years in a timeline. The timeline is ordered based on the publishing date. Figure from [ 18 ]
Figure 2: The publicly available LLMs in the most existing in recent years in a timeline. The timeline is ordered based on the publishing date. Figure from [ 18 ]

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