[论文解读] A Coverage Theory of Bistatic Radar Networks: Worst-Case Intrusion Path and Optimal Deployment
本文提出了一种双基地雷达网络的覆盖理论,表明在特定几何条件下,将雷达部署在最短线段(捷径屏障)上可实现最坏情况入侵检测的最优部署。该文推导出能最小化脆弱性的平衡部署策略,并提出一种多项式时间近似算法用于最坏情况路径分析,显著优于随机部署。
In this paper, we study optimal radar deployment for intrusion detection, with focus on network coverage. In contrast to the disk-based sensing model in a traditional sensor network, the detection range of a bistatic radar depends on the locations of both the radar transmitter and radar receiver, and is characterized by Cassini ovals. Furthermore, in a network with multiple radar transmitters and receivers, since any pair of transmitter and receiver can potentially form a bistatic radar, the detection ranges of different bistatic radars are coupled and the corresponding network coverage is intimately related to the locations of all transmitters and receivers, making the optimal deployment design highly non-trivial. Clearly, the detectability of an intruder depends on the highest SNR received by all possible bistatic radars. We focus on the worst-case intrusion detectability, i.e., the minimum possible detectability along all possible intrusion paths. Although it is plausible to deploy radars on a shortest line segment across the field, it is not always optimal in general, which we illustrate via counter-examples. We then present a sufficient condition on the field geometry for the optimality of shortest line deployment to hold. Further, we quantify the local structure of detectability corresponding to a given deployment order and spacings of radar transmitters and receivers, building on which we characterize the optimal deployment to maximize the worst-case intrusion detectability. Our results show that the optimal deployment locations exhibit a balanced structure. We also develop a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for characterizing the worse-case intrusion path for any given locations of radars under random deployment.
研究动机与目标
- 为解决双基地雷达网络最优部署问题,以最大化最坏情况下的入侵可检测性。
- 使用卡西尼卵形线建模探测范围,考虑发射机-接收机配对的耦合效应及非均匀信噪比覆盖。
- 确定在何种条件下将雷达部署在最短线段(捷径屏障)上可实现最坏情况覆盖的最优性。
- 表征沿捷径屏障的最优部署位置,以最小化脆弱性(最低可检测性)。
- 开发一种多项式时间近似算法,用于识别在随机雷达部署下最坏情况的入侵路径。
提出的方法
- 使用卡西尼卵形线建模双基地雷达探测范围,其定义为发射机和接收机焦点到某点距离的乘积为常数。
- 将最坏情况覆盖定义为任意可能入侵路径上的最小可检测性,等价于捷径屏障的脆弱性。
- 推导出在何种场地区域下,最短线段部署为最优的充分几何条件。
- 针对固定部署顺序和间距,分析屏障上的局部可检测性结构,建立实现平衡间距以最小化脆弱性的条件。
- 建立最优部署顺序的充分条件,并表征由此产生的平衡部署结构。
- 提出一种多项式时间近似算法,用于计算任意给定雷达部署配置下的最坏情况入侵路径。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在何种几何条件下,将雷达部署在最短线段上可实现双基地雷达网络最坏情况入侵可检测性的最大化?
- RQ2雷达发射机和接收机应如何沿捷径屏障进行空间排布,以最小化最坏情况下的检测脆弱性?
- RQ3部署顺序和间距对双基地雷达网络最坏情况可检测性有何影响?
- RQ4与全区域随机部署相比,最优屏障部署的最坏情况可检测性如何?
- RQ5能否设计一种高效算法,近似求解任意雷达部署下的最坏情况入侵路径?
主要发现
- 最坏情况入侵可检测性的最优部署在捷径屏障上的发射机和接收机间距与顺序上均表现出平衡结构。
- 推导出一个充分的几何条件,表明在该条件下将雷达部署在最短线段(捷径屏障)上为最优,反例表明该结论在任意场地区域下不成立。
- 捷径屏障上的最坏情况可检测性等于其脆弱性,即屏障上所有点中最低可检测性。
- 最优部署显著优于启发式和随机部署:OPT的脆弱性远低于HEU-1和HEU-2,且在所有测试配置中远超随机部署(RAN)。
- 所提出的多项式时间近似算法能有效识别最坏情况入侵路径,并证实屏障部署在最坏情况覆盖方面远优于全区域随机部署。
- 仿真结果表明,OPT在不同数量的发射机和接收机(3、5、10)下均保持优越的最坏情况可检测性,且随着网络规模增大,性能增益进一步提升。
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