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[论文解读] A Digital Twin for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Communication

Baoling Sheen, Jin Yang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 1, 2020
Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies参考文献 19被引用 17
一句话总结

本文提出Environment-Twin(Env-Twin),一种基于深度学习的数字孪生框架,可在无需信道状态信息(CSI)或波束训练的情况下,实现6G无线网络中可重构智能表面(RIS)的自动、近似最优配置。该模型仅在少于2%的接收端位置上进行训练,即可预测出接近理论最优性能的RIS配置,且在完美CSI假设下性能接近理论上限。

ABSTRACT

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has emerged as one of the key technologies for 6G in recent years, which comprise a large number of low-cost passive elements that can smartly interact with the impinging electromagnetic waves for performance enhancement. However, optimally configuring massive number of RIS elements remains a challenge. In this paper, we present a novel digital-twin framework for RIS-assisted wireless networks which we name it Environment-Twin (Env-Twin). The goal of the Env-Twin framework is to enable automation of optimal control at various granularities. In this paper, we present one example of the Env-Twin models to learn the mapping function between the RIS configuration with measured attributes for the receiver location, and the corresponding achievable rate in an RIS-assisted wireless network without involving explicit channel estimation or beam training overhead. Once learned, our Env-Twin model can be used to predict optimal RIS configuration for any new receiver locations in the same wireless network. We leveraged deep learning (DL) techniques to build our model and studied its performance and robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Env-Twin model can recommend near-optimal RIS configurations for test receiver locations which achieved close to an upper bound performance that assumes perfect channel knowledge. Our Env-Twin model was trained using less than 2% of the total receiver locations. This promising result represents great potential of the proposed Env-Twin framework for developing a practical RIS solution where the panel can automatically configure itself without requesting channel state information (CSI) from the wireless network infrastructure.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决6G无线网络中大规模RIS单元的最优配置挑战。
  • 消除RIS辅助系统中显式信道估计或波束训练的需求。
  • 开发一种可自动扩展的数字孪生框架,实现实时RIS优化。
  • 在无需重新训练的情况下,预测新接收端位置的最优RIS配置。
  • 在极少训练数据下,展示模型的鲁棒性与高性能表现。

提出的方法

  • Env-Twin框架采用深度学习模型,基于接收端位置属性学习RIS配置与可实现速率之间的映射关系。
  • 利用不同接收端位置下RIS配置及其对应可实现速率的数据集进行模型训练。
  • 通过监督学习方法,为新出现的、未见过的接收端位置预测最优RIS相位偏移。
  • 通过学习端到端性能指标(可实现速率)和几何属性,避免显式信道估计。
  • 模型设计为可在不同网络部署中实现泛化,且仅需极少重新训练。
  • 采用神经网络架构,近似RIS配置与系统性能之间复杂的非线性关系。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1数字孪生框架是否能够在无需信道状态信息(CSI)或波束训练的情况下,学习预测最优RIS配置?
  • RQ2基于深度学习的数字孪生模型在RIS辅助网络中,对新出现的、未见过的接收端位置的泛化能力如何?
  • RQ3在有限训练数据下,所提出的Env-Twin模型相较于基线方法的性能增益如何?
  • RQ4模型对接收端位置和环境条件变化的鲁棒性如何?
  • RQ5模型是否能在少于总训练位置2%的数据下实现接近最优的性能?

主要发现

  • Env-Twin模型实现了接近最优的性能,其表现非常接近假设具备完美CSI时的理论上限。
  • 该模型仅需总接收端位置少于2%的数据即可实现有效训练,展现出极高的数据效率。
  • 该框架成功预测了新接收端位置的最优RIS配置,且无需额外的信道估计或反馈。
  • 基于深度学习的模型在多种部署场景中均表现出强大的泛化能力与鲁棒性。
  • 结果表明,Env-Twin框架可实现6G实际网络中自主、无CSI的RIS运行。

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