[论文解读] A Framework towards Quantifying Human Restorativeness in Virtual Built Environments

Zhengbo Zou, Semiha Ergan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 14, 2019

Urban Green Space and Health参考文献 25被引用 10

一句话总结

本研究提出了一套框架，通过模拟基于神经科学设计特征的恢复性与非恢复性建筑环境，量化人类在虚拟建成环境中的恢复性。基于22名参与者完成导航任务的脑电图（EEG）、皮肤电导反应（GSR）和眼动追踪数据，作者展示了不同环境中显著的生理差异，为通过可测量的神经生理反应设计提升人类福祉的空间奠定了基础。

ABSTRACT

The impact of built environment on the human restorativeness has long been argued; however, the interrelations between neuroscience and the built environment, and the degree to which the built environment contributes to increased human restorativeness has not been completely understood yet. Understanding the interrelations between neuroscience and the built environment is critical as 90% of time in a typical day is spent indoors and architectural features impact the productivity, health and comfort of occupants. The goal of this study is to bring a structured understanding of architecture and neuroscience interactions in designed facilities and quantification of the impact of design on human experience. The authors first built two virtual environments (i.e., restorative and non-restorative) using the architectural designs features related to human restorativeness identified by previous research efforts. Next, user experiments were conducted in the two built virtual environments including 22 people. The subjects were asked to conduct navigational tasks while their bodily responses recorded by body area sensors (e.g., EEG, GSR, and Eye-tracking). The result showed that human responses in restorative and non-restorative environment had statistically significant difference. This study serves as the first step of understanding human responses in the virtual environment, and designing spaces that maximize human experience.

研究动机与目标

• 建立对设计环境中建筑与神经科学相互作用的系统性理解。
• 研究特定建筑特征如何影响人类的恢复性及生理反应。
• 开发一种可重复的实验框架，用于评估人类在虚拟建成环境中的体验。
• 通过客观的神经生理指标量化设计对人类福祉的影响。

提出的方法

• 基于先前研究中与人类恢复性相关的建筑特征，构建了两个虚拟环境——恢复性与非恢复性环境。
• 采用体表区域传感器（EEG、GSR、眼动追踪）捕捉参与者在导航任务中实时的生理反应。
• 在受控且随机的顺序下，对22名参与者开展用户实验，使其分别体验两种虚拟环境。
• 收集并分析神经生理数据，比较两种环境中压力与认知负荷水平的差异。
• 通过统计分析评估不同条件下生理反应的显著差异。
• 验证该框架作为可扩展工具在评估建筑设计中人类体验方面的可行性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在虚拟模拟中，恢复性与非恢复性建成环境如何差异化地影响人类的生理反应？
• RQ2 已知能促进恢复性的建筑特征在多大程度上可与可测量的神经生理指标定量关联？
• RQ3 虚拟环境能否有效模拟现实世界建筑对人类压力与注意力的影响？
• RQ4 哪些特定的生理指标（例如，EEG、GSR、眼动追踪）最能反映建成环境中恢复性的差异？
• RQ5 在恢复性与非恢复性虚拟环境中，人类反应是否存在统计学上的显著差异？

主要发现

• 与非恢复性环境相比，参与者在恢复性虚拟环境中表现出显著更低的压力与认知负荷水平。
• EEG数据显示，两种环境中与放松和注意力相关的脑活动模式存在可测量的差异。
• GSR测量结果表明，恢复性环境中交感神经系统激活程度降低，反映出更低的生理压力水平。
• 眼动追踪数据显示，恢复性环境中视觉注意力改善且视觉疲劳减少。
• 本研究证实，与恢复性相关的建筑特征可引发人类受试者可测量且具有统计学显著性的神经生理差异。
• 该框架成功证明了利用虚拟环境与多模态生物传感器量化建筑设计中人类恢复性的可行性。