[论文解读] A Generalised Seizure Prediction with Convolutional Neural Networks for Intracranial and Scalp Electroencephalogram Data Analysis
本论文提出了一种泛化且最小特征工程的癫痫发作预测方法:在30秒的 EEG 窗口的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)表示上使用卷积神经网络(CNNs),适用于皮层内和皮层表面数据。
Seizure prediction has attracted a growing attention as one of the most challenging predictive data analysis efforts in order to improve the life of patients living with drug-resistant epilepsy and tonic seizures. Many outstanding works have been reporting great results in providing a sensible indirect (warning systems) or direct (interactive neural-stimulation) control over refractory seizures, some of which achieved high performance. However, many works put heavily handcraft feature extraction and/or carefully tailored feature engineering to each patient to achieve very high sensitivity and low false prediction rate for a particular dataset. This limits the benefit of their approaches if a different dataset is used. In this paper we apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on different intracranial and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets and proposed a generalized retrospective and patient-specific seizure prediction method. We use Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) on 30-second EEG windows with 50% overlapping to extract information in both frequency and time domains. A standardization step is then applied on STFT components across the whole frequency range to prevent high frequencies features being influenced by those at lower frequencies. A convolutional neural network model is used for both feature extraction and classification to separate preictal segments from interictal ones. The proposed approach achieves sensitivity of 81.4%, 81.2%, 82.3% and false prediction rate (FPR) of 0.06/h, 0.16/h, 0.22/h on Freiburg Hospital intracranial EEG (iEEG) dataset, Children's Hospital of Boston-MIT scalp EEG (sEEG) dataset, and Kaggle American Epilepsy Society Seizure Prediction Challenge's dataset, respectively. Our prediction method is also statistically better than an unspecific random predictor for most of patients in all three datasets.
研究动机与目标
- 提出一种可泛化的癫痫发作预测方法,减少每个患者的特征工程。
- 证明CNN可以从基于STFT的EEG图像表示中学习,跨数据集应用。
- 在Freiburg iEEG、CHB-MIT sEEG和Kaggle癫痫数据集上评估跨数据集的性能。
提出的方法
- 将30秒 EEG 窗口转换为STFT类谱图矩阵(频率×时间)。
- 应用一个包含三个卷积块的简单 CNN 来提取特征并将前发作(preictal)与无发作间期(interictal)片段进行分类。
- 通过对前发作信号滑动一个30秒窗口来生成额外样本,以平衡训练数据。
- 在各块之间使用批量归一化、ReLU和最大池化,随后是两层带 dropout 的全连接层。
- 使用k-of-n规则对预测进行后处理,以减少孤立的假阳性。
- 在每个受试者的留一交叉验证中,使用SPH=5分钟和SOP=30分钟进行评估。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在没有患者特异性特征工程的情况下,CNN是否能够从跨iEEG和sEEG的STFT EEG表示中学习出具有判别性的特征?
- RQ2在跨越多样化的EEG数据集应用相同的CNN架构和预处理时,预测性能和误警率是多少?
- RQ3所提出的方法在各数据集上是否在统计上显著优于随机预测?
主要发现
- 在Freiburg iEEG和CHB-MIT sEEG数据集上的灵敏度约为81%,假阳性率在每小时0.06到0.22之间。
- Kaggle数据集达到75%灵敏度,假阳性率为每小时0.21。
- 基于CNN的方法可推广至脑内(intracranial)和表皮(scalp)EEG,使用STFT输入,特征工程最小化。
- 验证策略和SPH/SOP定义清晰阐述,以实现鲁棒的基准测试。
- 该方法在大多数患者/数据集上对随机预测具有统计显著性。
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