Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] A high-resolution mm and cm study of the obscured LIRG NGC 4418 - A compact obscured nucleus fed by in-falling gas?

F. Costagliola, S. Aalto|Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)|Jun 10, 2013
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 50被引用 31
一句话总结

本研究利用高分辨率毫米波与厘米波射电观测,调查了亮红外星系NGC 4418的遮蔽核区,揭示了一个由内流气体供给的紧凑、高温分子核心。研究发现存在三层温度结构(80 K、160 K 和 300 K),检测到振动激发的HC3N与HNC,以及核区气体内流速率为11–49 M⊙ yr⁻¹,表明其能源可能为极端星暴或康普顿厚的AGN。

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to constrain the dynamics, structure and feeding of the compact nucleous of NGC4418, and to reveal the nature of the main hidden power source: starburst or AGN. We obtained high spatial resolution observations of NGC4418 at 1.4 and 5 GHz with MERLIN, and at 230 and 270 GHz with the SMA very extended configuration. We use the continuum morphology and flux density to estimate the size of the emitting region, the star formation rate and the dust temperature. Emission lines are used to study the kinematics through position-velocity diagrams. Molecular emission is studied with population diagrams and by fitting an LTE synthetic spectrum. We detect bright 1mm line emission from CO, HC3N, HNC and C34S, and 1.4 GHz absorption from HI. The CO 2-1 emission and HI absorption can be fit by two velocity components at 2090 and 2180 km s-1. We detect vibrationally excited HC3N and HNC, with Tvib 300K. Molecular excitation is consistent with a layered temperature structure, with three main components at 80, 160 and 300 K. For the hot component we estimate a source size of less than 5 pc. The nuclear molecular gas surface density of 1e4 Msun pc-2 is extremely high, and similar to that found in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp220. Our observations confirm the the presence of a molecular and atomic in-flow, previously suggested by Herschel observations, which is feeding the activity in the center of NGC4418. Molecular excitation confirms the presence of a very compact, hot dusty core. If a starburst is responsible for the observed IR flux, this has to be at least as extreme as the one in Arp220, with an age of 3-10 Myr and a star formation rate >10 Msun yr-1. If an AGN is present, it must be extremely Compton-thick.

研究动机与目标

  • 约束NGC 4418中紧凑遮蔽核区的动力学、结构及其供给机制。
  • 确定其极端红外 luminosity 的来源是否为星暴或活动星系核(AGN)。
  • 研究分子气体的物理条件,包括温度结构、激发状态与运动学特征。
  • 利用多波段射电与毫米波数据,评估内流气体在供给中心能源中的作用。
  • 评估高分子激发与振动激发物种的含义,以揭示中心引擎的本质。

提出的方法

  • 利用MERLIN在1.4 GHz与5 GHz波段进行高空间分辨率观测,研究射电连续辐射与HI吸收。
  • 利用SMA非常延伸阵列在230 GHz与270 GHz波段进行观测,探测毫米波连续辐射与分子线发射。
  • 通过位置-速度图与LTE合成谱拟合分析CO、HC3N、HNC与C34S的线发射。
  • 利用布居图推导HC3N与HNC的振动温度,表明存在辐射泵浦机制。
  • 基于连续辐射与线轮廓形态估算源大小、气体质量与面密度。
  • 应用黑洞质量与K波段光度之间的经验关系,评估AGN存在的合理性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1NGC 4418核区分子气体的运动学结构如何?是否表明存在内流或外流?
  • RQ2分子气体的物理温度结构为何?其与激发机制有何关联?
  • RQ3强振动激发的HC3N与HNC发射的起源是什么?对中心源有何启示?
  • RQ4NGC 4418的中心能源最可能由紧凑星暴还是康普顿厚AGN解释?
  • RQ5供给核区的气体内流速率是多少?与已知星暴或AGN系统相比如何?

主要发现

  • CO 2–1发射中检测到两个速度成分,以及在2090 km s⁻¹与2180 km s⁻¹处的HI吸收,表明双峰气体运动学特征,与内流物质一致。
  • 检测到振动激发的HC3N与HNC,其振动温度约为300 K,表明来自振动跃迁的辐射泵浦。
  • 分子激发与分层温度结构(80 K、160 K 与 300 K)一致,其中高温成分局限于小于5 pc的区域。
  • 核区分子气体面密度达10⁴ M⊙ pc⁻²,与超亮红外星系Arp 220相当,表明极端物理条件。
  • 供给核区的气体内流速率估计为11–49 M⊙ yr⁻¹,支持来自星系HI富集伴星的持续吸积。
  • 若红外 luminosity 由恒星形成驱动,则星暴必须与Arp 220相当极端,恒星形成速率超过10 M⊙ yr⁻¹,年龄为3–10 Myr。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从论文设计到论文写作,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。