Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] A Hubble constant measurement from superluminal motion of the jet in GW170817

Kenta Hotokezaka, Ehud Nakar|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 27, 2018
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae被引用 5
一句话总结

本文通过结合GW170817的引力波数据与新的甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)超光速喷流运动观测及余晖光曲线,对哈勃常数进行了精细化测量,得到H₀ = 68.9⁺⁴.⁷₋⁴.⁶ km/s/Mpc。来自射电数据的视角角约束得到改善,降低了标准汽笛距离测量的不确定性,从而提供了一项与模型无关的H₀估计,有助于缓解普朗克与本地造父变星-超新星测量之间的张力。

ABSTRACT

The Hubble constant ($H_0$) measures the current expansion rate of the Universe, and plays a fundamental role in cosmology. Tremendous effort has been dedicated over the past decades to measure $H_0$. Notably, Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the local Cepheid-supernovae distance ladder measurements determine $H_0$ with a precision of $\\sim 1\\%$ and $\\sim 2\\%$ respectively. A $3$-$\\sigma$ level of discrepancy exists between the two measurements, for reasons that have yet to be understood. Gravitational wave (GW) sources accompanied by electromagnetic (EM) counterparts offer a completely independent standard siren (the GW analogue of an astronomical standard candle) measurement of $H_0$, as demonstrated following the discovery of the neutron star merger, GW170817. This measurement does not assume a cosmological model and is independent of a cosmic distance ladder. The first joint analysis of the GW signal from GW170817 and its EM localization led to a measurement of $H_0=74^{+16}_{-8}$ km/s/Mpc (median and symmetric $68\\%$ credible interval). In this analysis, the degeneracy in the GW signal between the source distance and the weakly constrained viewing angle dominated the $H_0$ measurement uncertainty. Recently, Mooley et al. (2018) obtained tight constraints on the viewing angle using high angular resolution imaging of the radio counterpart of GW170817. Here we obtain a significantly improved measurement $H_0=68.9^{+4.7}_{-4.6}$ km/s/Mpc by using these new radio observations, combined with the previous GW and EM data. We estimate that 15 more localized GW170817-like events (comparable signal-to-noise ratio, favorable orientation), having radio images and light curve data, will potentially bring resolution to the tension between the Planck and Cepheid-supernova measurements, as compared to 50-100 GW events without such data.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过利用GW170817喷流射电观测获得的独立视角角约束,减少哈勃常数(H₀)测量的不确定性。
  • 通过结合引力波数据与高分辨率VLBI成像及余晖光曲线数据,改进标准汽笛法对H₀的估计。
  • 评估未来类似GW170817的局域化事件中,利用射电数据解决普朗克与造父变星-超新星测量之间H₀张力的潜力。
  • 量化在联合GW-EM分析中,喷流建模与流体动力学效应对系统不确定性的贡献。

提出的方法

  • 该分析将GW170817引力波信号中距离(d)与视角角(θₘₛₗ)的二维后验分布,与VLBI测量的质心运动及余晖光曲线的独立电磁(EM)约束相结合。
  • 利用表观超光速速度βₐₚₚ = 4.1 ± 0.4 (d/41 Mpc) 约束θₘₛₗ,其中βₐₚₚ ≈ 1/Γ且Γ ≈ 1/sin(δθ),δθ = θₘₛₗ - θⱼ。
  • 使用合成喷流模型(幂律喷流,PLJ;高斯喷流,GJ)进行马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)模拟,以探索d与θₘₛₗ的完整参数空间。
  • 通过在d与θₘₛₗ上积分,计算联合似然函数,结合退行速度vᵣ = H₀d + vₚ,并引入对特殊速度(⟨vₚ⟩ = 310 km/s,σᵥₚ = 150 km/s)的先验信息。
  • 通过在d、vₚ与cosθₘₛₗ上积分,推导出H₀的后验分布,似然函数为p(H₀|d, vᵣ, vₚ) ∝ exp[−½((vᵣ − vₚ − H₀d)/σᵥᵣ)²],其中σᵥᵣ = 72 km/s。
  • 在引力波分析中比较高自旋与低自旋先验下的结果,显示在联合模型中H₀值收敛一致,表明联合GW-EM框架对先验假设具有鲁棒性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1GW170817喷流的VLBI观测能否提供比仅依靠引力波信号更紧的视角角约束?
  • RQ2将电磁数据(VLBI与光曲线)与引力波数据结合,如何提升哈勃常数测量的精度?
  • RQ3与流体动力学模拟相比,合成喷流模型(PLJ与GJ)对推断的H₀值影响有多大?
  • RQ4未来需要多少例类似GW170817的局域化事件并辅以射电数据,才能解决H₀张力问题?
  • RQ5喷流结构建模带来的系统不确定性在多大程度上传播至最终的H₀估计?

主要发现

  • 哈勃常数测量结果为H₀ = 68.9⁺⁴.⁷₋⁴.⁶ km/s/Mpc,显著优于此前仅使用引力波的测量结果(74⁺¹⁶₋₈ km/s/Mpc)。
  • 视角角被约束在0.29⁺⁰.⁰²₋₀.⁰¹ rad(PLJ)与0.30⁺⁰.⁰²₋₀.⁰² rad(GJ),更紧的约束降低了引力波距离测量中的主要不确定性。
  • 在高自旋与低自旋引力波先验下联合分析均得到一致的H₀值,表明在联合GW-EM框架中结果对先验假设具有鲁棒性。
  • 该结果与基于造父变星距离校准的表面亮度涨落法(H₀ = 71.9 ± 7.1 km/s/Mpc)一致,支持其可靠性。
  • 本研究估计,若拥有15个以上类似GW170817的局域化事件并辅以射电数据,即可解决H₀张力问题,而无需此类数据则需50–100个事件。
  • 合成模型(≈0.05 rad更小)与流体动力学模拟之间中位视角角的差异被视作系统不确定性,凸显了喷流建模对推断结果的影响。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。