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[论文解读] A Novel Design of Soft Robotic Hand with a Human-inspired Soft Palm for Dexterous Grasping

Haihang Wang, Fares J. Abu‐Dakka|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 2, 2020
Soft Robotics and Applications参考文献 17被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种新型软体机械手,配备仿人结构的软质手掌和混合弯曲软指(HBSF),可实现灵巧抓握。该机械手通过气压驱动,借助模块化软质手掌实现分指、弯曲及拇指外展,成功实现Feix分类法中33种抓握姿态中的32种,能够稳定、柔顺地抓取包括易碎和重型物品在内的多种物体。

ABSTRACT

Soft robotic hands and grippers are increasingly attracting attention as a robotic end-effector. Compared with rigid counterparts, they are safer for human-robot and environment-robot interactions, easier to control, lower cost and weight, and more compliant. Current soft robotic hands have mostly focused on the soft fingers and bending actuators. However, the palm is also essential part for grasping. In this work, we propose a novel design of soft humanoid hand with pneumatic soft fingers and soft palm. The hand is inexpensive to fabricate. The configuration of the soft palm is based on modular design which can be easily applied into actuating all kinds of soft fingers before. The splaying of the fingers, bending of the whole palm, abduction and adduction of the thumb are implemented by the soft palm. Moreover, we present a new design of soft finger, called hybrid bending soft finger (HBSF). It can both bend in the grasping axis and deflect in the side-to-side axis as human-like motion. The functions of the HBSF and soft palm were simulated by SOFA framework. And their performance was tested in experiments. The 6 fingers with 1 to 11 segments were tested and analyzed. The versatility of the soft hand is evaluated and testified by the grasping experiments in real scenario according to Feix taxonomy. And the results present the diversity of grasps and show promise for grasping a variety of objects with different shapes and weights.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决刚性机械手在处理易碎或不规则形状物体时因接触力过高和柔顺性差而带来的局限性。
  • 通过集成具备功能性和驱动能力的软质手掌,弥补现有软体机械手中对手掌功能的忽视,实现手指的动态重新定位。
  • 设计一种混合弯曲软指(HBSF),以模仿人类在弯曲和侧向偏转方面的运动,提升抓握灵巧性。
  • 通过Feix抓握分类法和物理实验,验证机械手在真实场景中的抓握性能。
  • 通过气压驱动和被动柔顺性,实现低成本、轻量化且安全的人机交互。

提出的方法

  • 设计一种模块化软质手掌,包含两个驱动部件:一个用于手掌分指与弯曲,另一个用于拇指外展,均通过气压驱动。
  • 通过将PneuNets的腔室网络结构与纤维增强技术结合,开发混合弯曲软指(HBSF),以提升弯曲效率和承载能力。
  • 使用SOFA物理引擎进行有限元法(FEM)仿真,模拟HBSF和软质手掌的驱动行为,以预测其运动与力响应。
  • 采用硅橡胶和内置气腔制造六指软体机械手原型,通过气压控制实现驱动。
  • 实施顺序驱动策略:首先驱动手掌功能(分指、弯曲、拇指外展)以适配物体形状,随后对手指进行加压。
  • 利用Franka Emika Panda机械臂开展抓握实验,测试在受控运动(40 mm/s)下的抓握稳定性和可重复性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与刚性或固定手掌设计相比,配备驱动型仿人软质手掌的软体机械手是否能显著提升抓握灵巧性与适应性?
  • RQ2混合弯曲软指(HBSF)在多大程度上能复现人类在弯曲和侧向偏转方面的运动,以增强抓握的多样性?
  • RQ3该软体机械手在Feix分类法定义的全部抓握类型中表现如何,特别是在姿态多样性与稳定性方面?
  • RQ4在HBSF设计中,手指分段数量与驱动能力之间存在何种性能权衡,特别是在同时实现弯曲与侧向偏转方面?
  • RQ5该软体机械手能否在保持足够抓握力以抓取重物的同时,实现与人类及易碎物体的安全、柔顺交互?

主要发现

  • 该机械手成功实现了Feix分类法中33种抓握姿态中的32种,展现出高度的姿态灵巧性与广泛适用性。
  • 11段结构的HBSF达到最佳性能,可实现显著弯曲(最大达68°)与侧向偏转,支持多样化抓握。
  • 软质手掌最大弯曲角度达68°,拇指外展角度约90°,可有效重新定位手指以适配复杂物体。
  • 该机械手成功抓握了143 g的浇水壶和541 g的椅子,证实其具备高抓握力与负载能力。
  • 在人机交互中表现出高度柔顺性与安全性,接触过程中未对机械手或人类受试者造成任何损伤。
  • 实验结果验证了SOFA框架的仿真预测,证实了基于FEM的设计方法的可靠性。

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