Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] A PageRank Model for Player Performance Assessment in Basketball, Soccer and Hockey

Shael Brown|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 31, 2017
Sports Analytics and Performance被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于PageRank的模型,通过强调传球组织与团队配合流动,而非仅依赖传统进攻数据,对篮球、足球和冰球中的个体球员进行排名。通过将球员传球和比赛事件建模为带目标节点的有向图,并使用改进的PageRank算法,该模型生成一个单一的绩效指标(IPM),奖励那些发起并维持成功进攻的球员。实证结果表明,该指标与顶尖球员高度一致,且能对高得分但传球影响力低的球员产生有意义的偏差。

ABSTRACT

In the sports of soccer, hockey and basketball the most commonly used statistics for player performance assessment are divided into two categories: offensive statistics and defensive statistics. However, qualitative assessments of playmaking (for example making "smart" passes) are difficult to quantify. It would be advantageous to have available a single statistic that can emphasize the flow of a game, rewarding those players who initiate and contribute to successful plays more. In this paper we will examine a model based on Google's PageRank. Other papers have explored ranking teams, coaches, and captains but here we construct ratings and rankings for individual members on both teams that emphasizes initiating and partaking in successful plays and forcing defensive turnovers. For a soccer/hockey/basketball game, our model assigns a node for each of the n players who play in the game and a "goal node". Arcs between player nodes indicate sport-specific situations (including passes, turnovers, scoring, fouls, out-of-bounds, play-stoppages, turnovers, missed shots, defensive plays etc.), tailored for each sport. As well, some additional arcs are added in to ensure that the associated matrix is primitive and hence there is a unique PageRank vector. The PageRank vector of the associated matrix is used to rank the players of the game. To illustrate the model, data was taken from nine NBA games played between 2014-2016. Many of the top-ranked players (in the model) in a given game had some of the most impressive traditional stat-lines. However, from the model there were surprises where some players who had impressive stat-lines had lower ranks, and others who had less impressive stat-lines had higher ranks. Overall, the model's ranking and ratings reflect more the flow of the game compared to traditional sports statistics.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种统一的、基于流动性的绩效指标,以捕捉篮球、足球和冰球等团队运动中进攻与防守的综合贡献。
  • 解决传统统计数据的局限性,即进攻与防守指标分离,且无法量化难以捉摸的传球组织能力。
  • 构建一个模型,使不同球队和比赛之间的球员能够通过单一、一致的排名系统进行直接比较。
  • 强调那些发起并维持成功进攻的球员,奖励战略性传球与团队参与,而非孤立得分。
  • 使用真实的NBA比赛数据验证该模型,并证明其能够识别出传统统计数据所忽略的高影响力球员。

提出的方法

  • 构建一个有向图,其中每位球员和一个目标节点均作为节点,弧线表示回传序列(即从接球者指向传球者),以强调进攻发起。
  • 将比赛事件(如犯规、失误、未中投篮、防守动作)建模为节点之间的转移,每项运动应用特定的规则。
  • 引入辅助弧线,确保转移矩阵为本原矩阵,从而保证PageRank向量的唯一性和稳定性。
  • 计算转移矩阵的PageRank向量,为每位球员生成一个唯一且归一化的评分(IPM),反映其在比赛流动中的影响力。
  • 利用生成的IPM得分对球员在各场比赛中进行排名,并跨球队和位置比较表现。
  • 使用九场NBA比赛(2014–2016年)的数据校准模型,包括传球、得分、助攻、篮板和抢断等数据,以验证指标对传球组织的敏感性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于PageRank的模型能否通过强调传球组织与球权推进,有效量化球员对团队成功的影响?
  • RQ2该模型的排名与传统球员统计数据相比如何,特别是对高得分但助攻或防守参与度低的球员?
  • RQ3该模型在多大程度上能识别出被传统指标所忽略的高影响力球员?
  • RQ4该模型在篮球、足球和冰球的不同比赛和球队中是否能产生一致且有意义的排名?
  • RQ5该模型能否作为球探、教练和分析师的补充统计指标,用于评估球员表现,超越标准的记分卡数据?

主要发现

  • 在九场NBA比赛中,有七场比赛的最高IPM排名为控球后卫,且所有九场比赛中前锋均位列前五名,表明该模型能有效捕捉角色相关的影响力。
  • 在九场比赛中,有六场获胜球队的平均IPM高于失败球队,且八支获胜球队的首发球员平均IPM更高,显示出与团队成功的一致性。
  • 在得分至少15分且IPM低于50的球员中,89%的球员助攻、篮板与抢断总和不足10次,表明仅靠得分无法获得高分,模型对得分的奖励较低。
  • 在至少送出5次助攻的30名球员中,有28人(93%)的IPM达到或超过50,证明模型对组织者球员有明显偏好,而非单纯得分手。
  • 每场比赛中,40%的IPM排名前10球员的综合数据(得分、助攻、篮板、抢断)总和为20或以下,表明模型能识别出传统数据平庸但影响力高的球员。
  • 像克莱·汤普森(41分,IPM 50.27)和吉米·巴特勒(23分,IPM约23)这样的球员虽然得分出色但IPM较低,而约翰·沃尔和罗尼·普莱斯等球员尽管数据平平却拥有高IPM,证实了模型对传球组织的敏感性。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。