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[论文解读] A Pathway Towards Responsible AI Generated Content

Chen Chen, Jie Fu|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 2, 2023
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education被引用 23
一句话总结

本文综述了AI生成内容(AIGC)的8个关键风险,并在解决隐私、偏见、知识产权、鲁棒性、开源、滥用、同意/署名/赔偿以及环境问题等方面勾勒出负责任的AIGC发展方向。

ABSTRACT

AI Generated Content (AIGC) has received tremendous attention within the past few years, with content generated in the format of image, text, audio, video, etc. Meanwhile, AIGC has become a double-edged sword and recently received much criticism regarding its responsible usage. In this article, we focus on 8 main concerns that may hinder the healthy development and deployment of AIGC in practice, including risks from (1) privacy; (2) bias, toxicity, misinformation; (3) intellectual property (IP); (4) robustness; (5) open source and explanation; (6) technology abuse; (7) consent, credit, and compensation; (8) environment. Additionally, we provide insights into the promising directions for tackling these risks while constructing generative models, enabling AIGC to be used more responsibly to truly benefit society.

研究动机与目标

  • 识别阻碍负责任AIGC部署的八大关注点(隐私、偏见/毒性/错误信息、知识产权、鲁棒性、开源与可解释性、技术滥用、同意/署名/赔偿、环境)
  • 为在生成模型的构建与部署中缓解这些风险提供见解和方向。
  • 讨论基础模型如何使AIGC成为可能,以及风险如何跨模态(文本、图像、视频、音频)传播。

提出的方法

  • 评估并综合现有文献和行业实践中的AIGC风险。
  • 将风险类别映射到具体的缓解策略(数据整理、过滤、水印、访问控制、治理)。
  • 提出在生命周期各阶段就负责任的AIGC进行政策、技术和社会层面的探讨。
  • 突出具有代表性的模型与数据集以说明风险区域(隐私泄露、数据集偏见、记忆化、知识产权问题。)
Figure 1: The scope of responsible AIGC. Note that some icons are from Shutterstock.
Figure 1: The scope of responsible AIGC. Note that some icons are from Shutterstock.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1AI生成内容在隐私、偏见/毒性/错误信息、IP、鲁棒性、开源、滥用、同意/署名、环境方面的主要风险是什么?
  • RQ2在实现AIGC有益用途的同时,可以采取哪些方向和策略来缓解这些风险?
  • RQ3基础模型如何带来风险,以及如何将缓解措施整合到模型设计与部署中?

主要发现

  • AIGC面临跨隐私、偏见、错误信息、知识产权、鲁棒性、开放性、滥用和环境影响等相互关联的风险。
  • 缓解方法包括数据过滤、去重、水印、输出过滤、模型重新校准和治理机制。
  • 内容所有权和IP归属在法律上仍未解决,促使采用如DMCA下架政策、水印和署名等做法。
  • 幻觉/错误信息源于训练数据质量、过拟合和提示设计;定期更新数据和用户反馈有助于降低它们。
  • 开源透明性存在争议;尽管开放性有助于解释,但也提高了误用和竞争性担忧的风险。
  • 需要治理、同意和补偿模型,使数据贡献者能够从AIGC训练数据中受益。
  • 大型模型的环境成本促使探索更瘦小的模型和以效率为导向的研究。
Figure 2: A comparison between training images and generated images (by Stable Diffusion). Top row : generated images. Bottom row : closest matches in the training dataset (LAION). The comparison shows that Stable Diffusion is able to replicate training data by combining foreground and background ob
Figure 2: A comparison between training images and generated images (by Stable Diffusion). Top row : generated images. Bottom row : closest matches in the training dataset (LAION). The comparison shows that Stable Diffusion is able to replicate training data by combining foreground and background ob

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