[论文解读] A Possible Universal Model without Singularity and its Explanation for Evolution of the Universe

Shihao Chen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 22, 2006

Cosmology and Gravitation Theories参考文献 3被引用 3

一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于对称s-粒子与v-粒子的无奇点宇宙学模型，S空间与V空间仅在希格斯场期望值上有所不同。该模型将宇宙加速、暴胀与暗能量解释为相互排斥与相变的涌现现象，构建了一个无初始奇点的宇宙，并预测了可观测效应，如质量红移与凹透镜状空腔。

ABSTRACT

New hypotheses are proposed that there are s-particles and v-particles which are symmetric and mutually repulsive, there are S-space and V-space whose essential difference is only that their expectation values of the Higgs fields are different. In S-space the S-SU(5) symmetry is broken into S-SU(3)XU(1), and V-SU(5) symmetry still holds. As a consequence, s-particles get their masses determined by the SU(5) GUT and form the S-world, and v-particles are all massless and form SU(5) colour-single states which are identified with dark energy. The following results are obtained. There is no spacetime singularty, and there is the highest temperature in the universe. The creating process of one world is just the annihilating process of the other world in the highest temperature. A formula which well describes the luminous distance and redshift is obtained. The results of the Guth's inflationary scenario are obtained. Decelerated expanding early stage and accelerated expanding now stage of the universe are explained. New predictions are follows. Some huge cavities in V-space are not empty, in which there is s-matter with larger density, and are equivalent to huge concave lenses. The given tharacters of some huge cavities are well explained. The gravitation between two galaxies distant enough will lesser than that predicted by the conventional theory. A possible explanation for the big redshift of quasi-stellar objects is presented. Huge redshifts of quasars are mass redshifts. The universe is composed of infinite universal islands. It is possible that there is a new annihilating mode of black holes with their very huge masses, and there are very huge white holes which are different from that predicted by conventional theory.

研究动机与目标

• 通过引入对称且相互排斥的s-粒子与v-粒子，解决标准宇宙学中的时空奇点问题。
• 在不引入宇宙学常数或微调暗能量的前提下，解释观测到的宇宙加速膨胀。
• 在相变与对称性自发破缺的统一框架下，统一早期减速与晚期加速。
• 提供一种机制，将暗能量解释为V空间中的无质量v-粒子，区别于传统真空能量。
• 预测新型天体物理现象，如类星体中的质量红移与宇宙中非空的、透镜状空腔。

提出的方法

• 引入两种对称的粒子类型——s-粒子（有质量，构成可见物质）与v-粒子（无质量，构成暗能量），其在S空间与V空间中具有不同的希格斯场期望值。
• 应用SU(5)大统一理论对称性自发破缺：S-SU(5)破缺为S-SU(3)×U(1)，而V-SU(5)保持未破缺，使s-粒子获得质量，v-粒子保持无质量。
• 将宇宙建模为在收缩与暴胀相之间循环的系统，最高温度时刻标志着S世界与V世界发生湮灭与重建的相变。
• 推导出修正的弗里德曼方程，其中曲率参数k(ρ)为能量密度的函数，实现动态曲率，并解释减速与加速膨胀。
• 提出一种基于排斥势能与质量依赖性红移的红移机制，区别于标准多普勒或宇宙学红移。
• 使用随时间变化的k(ρ)函数，建模开放、平坦与闭合几何之间的转变，其中k=±1或0，取决于净能量密度ρ=ρ_v−ρ_s。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 能否通过引入对称且相互排斥的物质场，构建一个无时空奇点的宇宙？
• RQ2 在不引入宇宙学常数的前提下，如何解释宇宙从减速膨胀到加速膨胀的观测转变？
• RQ3 在该模型中，暗能量的起源是什么？它与V空间中无质量v-粒子有何关联？
• RQ4 类星体红移能否被解释为质量红移，而非宇宙学或多普勒红移？
• RQ5 v-物质在大尺度空洞中的可观测特征是什么？它们如何影响引力透镜效应？

主要发现

• 该模型预测宇宙存在最大温度，从而消除时空奇点，并以S世界与V世界之间的相变取代大爆炸。
• 推导出的视星等-红移关系与观测数据一致，无需引入暗能量或宇宙学常数。
• 该模型重现了 Guth 的暴胀情景，包括在最高温度相变后经历快速膨胀的阶段。
• 宇宙早期表现出减速膨胀，而当前处于加速膨胀，这由动态曲率k(ρ)与能量密度演化所解释。
• 预测S空间中存在巨大的空腔，其中含有v-物质，其行为类似凹透镜，可解释观测到的大尺度结构与透镜异常。
• 由于v-物质的排斥效应，预测遥远星系之间的引力吸引弱于标准广义相对论的预测。