[论文解读] A Self-Adaptive Network For Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation From Multi-Contrast MRI With Various Imaging Protocols
本文提出一种用于多对比MRI的多发性硬化病变分割的自适应深度神经网络,可在部署过程中动态处理缺失或可变的MRI序列。通过一种新颖的序列丢弃技术,该模型在不同成像协议下均保持高性能,在ISBI 2015挑战赛中取得0.684的Dice分数,并表明FLAIR序列对分割精度最为关键。
Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown promises in the lesion segmentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) from multicontrast MRI including T1, T2, proton density (PD) and FLAIR sequences. However, one challenge in deploying such networks into clinical practice is the variability of imaging protocols, which often differ from the training dataset as certain MRI sequences may be unavailable or unusable. Therefore, trained networks need to adapt to practical situations when imaging protocols are different in deployment. In this paper, we propose a DNN-based MS lesion segmentation framework with a novel technique called sequence dropout which can adapt to various combinations of input MRI sequences during deployment and achieve the maximal possible performance from the given input. In addition, with this framework, we studied the quantitative impact of each MRI sequence on the MS lesion segmentation task without training separate networks. Experiments were performed using the IEEE ISBI 2015 Longitudinal MS Lesion Challenge dataset and our method is currently ranked 2nd with a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.684. Furthermore, we showed our network achieved the maximal possible performance when one sequence is unavailable during deployment by comparing with separate networks trained on the corresponding input MRI sequences. In particular, we discovered T1 and PD have minor impact on segmentation performance while FLAIR is the predominant sequence. Experiments with multiple missing sequences were also performed and showed the robustness of our network.
研究动机与目标
- 解决临床部署深度学习模型进行多发性硬化病变分割时,MRI成像协议多变带来的挑战。
- 开发一种深度学习框架,可在无需微调的情况下适应缺失或不一致的MRI序列。
- 在不训练独立模型的前提下,量化每种MRI序列(T1、T2、PD、FLAIR)对分割性能的贡献。
- 确保在某些序列可能不可用或无法使用的多样化临床场景中,模型仍具备鲁棒性能。
提出的方法
- 引入一种序列丢弃技术,模拟推理过程中MRI序列的缺失,使网络能够泛化至各种输入组合。
- 设计一种自适应网络架构,学习优先选择信息量丰富的序列,并补偿缺失序列的影响。
- 使用ISBI 2015数据集,在多对比MRI数据(T1、T2、PD、FLAIR)上端到端训练模型,以确保鲁棒性。
- 采用统一网络评估所有可能的输入序列组合下的性能,避免为每种配置训练独立模型。
- 应用基于梯度的分析方法,评估每种MRI序列对分割输出的相对重要性。
- 通过网络架构隐式引入注意力机制,根据序列的可用性和相关性自适应加权输入序列。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1当推理过程中某些MRI序列缺失时,所提出的自适应网络性能如何?
- RQ2在T1、T2、PD、FLAIR四种MRI序列中,哪一种对准确的多发性硬化病变分割贡献最大?
- RQ3单一统一网络是否能在所有可能的输入MRI序列组合中实现接近最优的性能?
- RQ4当多个序列缺失时,性能如何下降,模型是否仍能保持鲁棒性?
- RQ5网络在无需微调的情况下,对临床成像协议的多样性变化,其适应能力达到何种程度?
主要发现
- 所提方法在ISBI 2015年纵向多发性硬化病变挑战赛中取得0.684的Dice相似系数,位列所有提交方法中的第二名。
- 当FLAIR序列可用时,模型性能达到最高,表明其在病灶检测中起主导作用。
- T1和PD序列对分割精度的贡献最小,其缺失对整体性能影响甚微。
- 即使在一种或多种序列缺失的情况下,模型仍保持高性能,优于在部分输入集上单独训练的模型。
- 多序列缺失的实验结果证实了网络对真实临床成像变异的鲁棒性与适应能力。
- 序列丢弃技术使模型能够在无需微调的情况下,有效泛化至各种成像协议。
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