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[论文解读] A sensitive 3 mm line survey of L483: a broad view of the chemical composition of a core around a Class 0 object

M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 13, 2019
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 192被引用 14
一句话总结

本研究利用IRAM 30米望远镜对Class 0原恒星L483进行了灵敏的3毫米波段线谱线调查,在其冷而静止的核中检测到71种分子(包括同位素体在内共140种)。研究结果表明,该核的化学成分主要继承自其预恒星阶段,同位素异常与中等程度的氘化分数化表明在预恒星向原恒星过渡期间化学成分变化较小。

ABSTRACT

We present an IRAM 30m line survey of the dense core L483 in the 3 mm band. We detected 71 molecules (140 including different isotopologs), most of which are present in the cold and quiescent ambient cloud. Of particular interest among the detected molecules are the cis isomer of HCOOH, the complex organic molecules HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, and C2H5OH, a wide variety of carbon chains, nitrogen oxides like N2O, and saturated molecules like CH3SH. In general, fractional molecular abundances in L483 are systematically lower than in TMC-1 (especially for carbon chains), tend to be higher than in L1544 and B1-b, and are similar to those in L1527. Apart from the overabundance of carbon chains in TMC-1, we find that L483 does not have a marked chemical differentiation with respect to starless/prestellar cores like TMC-1 and L1544, although it does chemically differentiate from Class 0 hot corino sources like IRAS 16293-2422. This fact suggests that the chemical composition of the ambient cloud of some Class 0 sources could be largely inherited from the dark cloud starless/prestellar phase. We also derived isotopic ratios for a variety of molecules, some of which show isotopic anomalies like an extreme depletion in 13C for one of the two isotopologs of c-C3H2, a drastic enrichment in 18O for SO and HNCO (SO being also largely enriched in 17O), and different abundances for the two 13C substituted species of C2H and the two 15N substituted species of N2H+. We report the first detection in space of some minor isotopologs like c-C3D. The exhaustive chemical characterization of L483 presented here, together with similar studies of other prestellar and protostellar sources, should allow us to identify the main factors that regulate the chemical composition of cores along the process of formation of low-mass protostars.

研究动机与目标

  • 对Class 0原恒星L483周围致密核进行全面的化学成分普查。
  • 确定Class 0源中环境云的化学成分是否与无星/预恒星核存在显著差异。
  • 识别可用于追踪预恒星向原恒星过渡的潜在化学演化指标。
  • 测量关键分子中的同位素比值和氘化分数化,以探究化学处理过程与化学继承。
  • 检测并表征稀有或新发现的星际分子,包括同位素体和微量物种。

提出的方法

  • 利用IRAM 30米望远镜在80–116 GHz频段范围内对L483进行了灵敏的3毫米波段线谱线调查。
  • 通过转动跃迁分析识别分子谱线,将613条谱线归因于特定分子,18条归因于未识别特征。
  • 测量谱线宽度(FWHM ~0.5 km s⁻¹)和转动温度(4.1–10.5 K),以区分来自冷环境云的辐射与来自喷流或原恒星区域的辐射。
  • 推导出检测到物种的分子分数丰度及同位素比值(如¹³C/¹²C、¹⁸O/¹⁶O、D/H),包括稀有同位素体。
  • 评估HCOOCH₃/C₃S、SO₂/C₂S和CH₃SH/C₂S等化学指标,以追踪演化阶段。
  • 首次报告了若干微量同位素体的天文探测,包括c-C₃D和如¹³C与D共取代的双同位素取代物种。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1Class 0原恒星(如L483)的环境云化学成分是否与无星/预恒星核存在显著差异?
  • RQ2在低质量恒星形成过程中,哪些关键化学指标可用于追踪预恒星向原恒星的过渡?
  • RQ3L483中的分子成分在多大程度上继承自其预恒星阶段?这一推断是否得到同位素比值和丰度模式的支持?
  • RQ4像c-C₃H₂、SO和HNCO这样的分子中,同位素异常(如¹³C贫化或¹⁸O富集)是如何产生的?
  • RQ5L483中的氘化分数化程度如何?与其它预恒星和原恒星源相比有何差异?

主要发现

  • 在L483的冷环境云中总共检测到71种分子(包括同位素体在内共140种),其中大多数谱线具有窄线宽(FWHM ~0.5 km s⁻¹)和低温转动温度(4.1–10.5 K)。
  • L483中的分子分数丰度系统性低于TMC-1(尤其是碳链分子),高于L1544和B1-b,与L1527中的丰度相似。
  • 检测到复杂有机分子(如HCOOCH₃、CH₃OCH₃、C₂H₅OH)、氮氧化物(如N₂O)和含硫物种(如CH₃SH),证实了该核中存在丰富的化学反应。
  • 通过本次调查,L483中确认了八种新星际分子,包括HCCO、HCS、HSC、NCCNH⁺、CNCN、NCO、H₂NCO⁺和NS⁺。
  • ³⁴S和³³S的同位素比值与本地星际介质值一致,但存在异常现象:一种c-C₃H₂同位素体中出现极端的¹³C贫化,SO和HNCO中则出现¹⁸O富集(SO还表现出¹⁷O富集)。
  • 首次在太空中探测到c-C₃D以及若干双同位素取代同位素体(如¹³C和D),L483中的氘化分数化程度高于TMC-1但低于IRAS 16293–2422。

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