[论文解读] A Shared Cluster-based Stochastic Channel Model for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems
本文提出了一种基于共享簇的随机JCAS信道模型,通过叠加共享簇与非共享簇,反映实际硬件与传播资源的共享,实现通信与感知信道的联合生成。该模型通过28 GHz测量与仿真得到验证,展现出真实的聚类特征与可控的共享度(SD为0.54–0.65),并提出一种新型KPM-JCA聚类算法,可准确提取共享散射体。
Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a promising technology in the 6G communication. A realistic channel model is a prerequisite for designing ISAC systems. Most existing channel models independently generate the communication and sensing channels under the same framework. However, due to the multiplexing of hardware resources and the same environment, signals enabled for communication and sensing may experience shared propagation scatterers. This practical sharing feature necessities the joint generation of communication and sensing channels for realistic modeling, where the shared clusters (contributed by the shared scatterers) should be reconstructed.In this paper, we first conduct communication and sensing channel measurements for an indoor scenario at 28 GHz. The power-angular-delay profiles of multipath components are obtained, and the shared scatterers by communication and sensing channels are intuitively observed. Then, a stochastic ISAC channel model is proposed to capture the sharing feature, where shared and non-shared clusters by the two channels are dfined and superimposed. To extract those clusters from measured ISAC channels, a KPowerMeans-based joint clustering algorithm is novelly introduced. Finally, stochastic channel characteristics are analyzed, and empirical simulations validate that the channel Sharing Degree (SD) increases with more shared clusters. The proposed model can realistically capture the sharing feature of ISAC channels and is able to evaluate and simulate the channel SD values, which is valuable for the design and deployment of ISAC systems.
研究动机与目标
- 为解决现有JCAS信道模型缺乏对通信与感知之间共享传播散射体的建模问题。
- 通过引入源自共同散射体的共享簇,对通信与感知信道的联合生成进行建模。
- 开发一种聚类算法,能够从实测JCAS信道中提取共享簇与非共享簇。
- 通过真实28 GHz测量与经验仿真,验证模型的实用性与可控性。
提出的方法
- 在视 Line-of-Sight (LOS) 与非视 Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 场景下,利用喇叭天线旋转进行28 GHz室内信道测量,捕获通信与感知的多径分量(MPCs)。
- 通过分析功率-角度-延迟分布(PADPs),直观识别通信与感知信道之间的共享散射体。
- 提出一种基于叠加共享簇与非共享簇的随机JCAS信道模型,其中共享簇代表共同散射体。
- 提出一种基于KPowerMeans的新型联合聚类算法(KPM-JCA),用于从联合通信与感知信道中同时提取共享簇与非共享簇。
- 利用实测聚类结果推导出模型参数,包括簇间角扩展(AS)、延迟扩展(DS)与共享度(SD)。
- 通过控制共享簇数量(N₀)进行仿真验证,使模拟的SD值与实测SD值匹配,并评估角度分布的相似性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在联合测量的通信与感知信道的功率-角度-延迟分布中,共享散射体如何表现?
- RQ2在28 GHz的室内真实环境中,通信与感知信道在多大程度上共享相同的传播簇?
- RQ3基于共享簇与非共享簇叠加的随机JCAS信道模型,能否有效捕捉通信与感知信号的联合聚类行为?
- RQ4如何通过联合聚类算法从联合通信与感知信道数据中提取共享簇与非共享簇?
- RQ5模型参数在多大程度上可被控制,以重现测量中观察到的真实共享度(SD)?
主要发现
- 测量结果表明,在LOS与NLOS场景下均存在共享散射体,共享MPCs在角度域的聚类程度强于延迟域。
- 共享簇的共享度(SD)在两次LOS测量中分别为0.65与0.64,在一次NLOS测量中为0.54。
- 仿真结果表明,增加共享簇数量(N₀)可提高SD,当N₀ = 10时,平均SD为0.66,与实测值高度一致。
- 通信信道簇在角度分布上更集中且稀疏,而感知簇则分布更离散。
- KPM-JCA算法成功提取了共享簇与非共享簇,实现了通信与感知信道的精确联合建模。
- 该模型展现出实用性和可控性,通过调节N₀以匹配实测SD值,可准确重现真实信道特性。
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