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[论文解读] A Steep Decline in the Galaxy Space Density Beyond Redshift 9 in the CANUCS UV Luminosity Function

Chris J. Willott, G. Desprez|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 20, 2023
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research被引用 5
一句话总结

本研究基于CANUCS场中五个高红移视线的深度JWST NIRCam巡天,识别出158个红移z > 7.5的星系,其光度红移测量结果可靠。研究揭示在z ≈ 10之后星系空间密度急剧下降,z > 10的星系仅有八个,z > 12.5的星系则一个未被探测到,表明早期宇宙中不同视线方向的星系密度存在本征差异,支持无需精细调参的标准早期星系形成模型。

ABSTRACT

We present a new sample of 158 galaxies at redshift $z>7.5$ selected from deep \jwst\ NIRCam imaging of five widely-separated sightlines in the CANUCS survey. Two-thirds of the pointings and 80\% of the galaxies are covered by 12 to 14 NIRCam filters, including seven to nine medium bands, providing accurate photometric redshifts and robustness against low redshift interlopers. A sample of 28 galaxies at $z>7.5$ with spectroscopic redshifts shows a low systematic offset and scatter in the difference between photometric and spectroscopic redshifts. We derive the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts 8 to 12, finding a slightly higher normalization than previously seen with \hst\ at redshifts 8 to 10. We observe a steeper decline in the galaxy space density from $z=8$ to $12$ than found by most \jwst\ Cycle 1 studies. In particular, we find only eight galaxies at $z>10$ and none at $z>12.5$, with no $z>10$ galaxies brighter than F277W AB=28 or $M_{ m UV}=-20$ in our unmasked, delensed survey area of 53.4 square arcminutes. We attribute the lack of bright $z>10$ galaxies in CANUCS compared to GLASS and CEERS to intrinsic variance in the galaxy density along different sightlines. The evolution in the CANUCS luminosity function between $z=8$ and $12$ is comparable to that predicted by simulations that assume a standard star formation efficiency, without invoking any special adjustments.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用深度JWST NIRCam成像测量z = 8–12高红移星系的紫外亮度函数。
  • 通过多波段测光和光谱验证,评估z > 7.5星系光度红移的可靠性。
  • 通过与其他JWST巡天比较,研究不同视线方向上早期星系密度的宇宙方差。
  • 确定z ≈ 10之后星系空间密度的观测下降是否与标准宇宙学模拟一致。
  • 评估引力透镜效应和巡_survey深度对探测暗弱高红移星系的影响。

提出的方法

  • 在CANUCS巡天的五个广泛分离的视线方向上,对12–14个滤镜(包括中等带)进行了深度NIRCam成像,覆盖面积为53.4平方角秒。
  • 使用EAZY-py代码计算光度红移,对每个星系提供最大似然估计和中位数概率分布。
  • 利用NIRSpec的光谱红移验证光度红移的准确性,结果显示散射小且系统偏差低。
  • 基于z > 7.5的158个星系的完整样本构建紫外亮度函数,并对引力透镜放大效应进行修正。
  • 对NIRCam图像在三个红红移区间进行中位数叠加,以确认红移赋值并检测Lyman蓝移特征。
  • 与其它JWST巡天(如GLASS、CEERS)进行比较,评估z > 10时星系密度的宇宙方差。
Figure 1: NIRSpec prism spectra for the six CANUCS galaxies in the sample used for the luminosity function in this paper. Each upper panel shows the nodded, background-subtracted two-dimensional spectrum on an inverse scale, so positive flux appears dark in the central region and light in the two of
Figure 1: NIRSpec prism spectra for the six CANUCS galaxies in the sample used for the luminosity function in this paper. Each upper panel shows the nodded, background-subtracted two-dimensional spectrum on an inverse scale, so positive flux appears dark in the central region and light in the two of

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1JWST测量的z = 8至12星系的紫外亮度函数形状如何?
  • RQ2星系空间密度从z = 8到z = 12如何演化?其下降速率是否比以往报告的更陡?
  • RQ3尽管成像深度极深,为何在CANUCS中未探测到z > 10的明亮星系(F277W AB < 28 或 M_UV < -20)?
  • RQ4观测到的z > 10低星系密度在多大程度上是由宇宙方差而非本征物理过程导致?
  • RQ5从z = 8到z = 12的亮度函数演化是否与假设典型恒星形成效率的标准宇宙学模拟一致?

主要发现

  • z = 8–12的紫外亮度函数归一化值略高于此前基于哈勃望远镜在z = 8–10的估计结果。
  • 与大多数其他JWST第一周期研究相比,星系空间密度从z = 8到z = 12的下降更为陡峭。
  • 在未掩蔽、去透镜化的53.4平方角秒巡天区域内,仅探测到八个z > 10的星系,且z > 12.5的星系一个未被发现。
  • 未发现任何z > 10星系的F277W AB星等小于28或M_UV小于-20,表明亮度函数的明亮端急剧下降。
  • 与GLASS和CEERS相比,CANUCS中缺乏明亮z > 10星系,归因于不同视线方向间的本征宇宙方差。
  • 从z = 8到z = 12的亮度函数演化与假设标准恒星形成效率的模拟结果一致,无需引入特殊调整。
Figure 2: NIRSpec spectroscopic redshifts for 28 CANUCS galaxies with expected photometric redshifts $z_{\rm phot\_ML}\raisebox{-2.58334pt}{$\,\stackrel{{\scriptstyle\raisebox{-0.60275pt}{$\textstyle>$}}}{{\sim}}\,$}7.5$ . Only 6 of the 28 galaxies (blue symbols) are from the NCF or CLU NIRCam modul
Figure 2: NIRSpec spectroscopic redshifts for 28 CANUCS galaxies with expected photometric redshifts $z_{\rm phot\_ML}\raisebox{-2.58334pt}{$\,\stackrel{{\scriptstyle\raisebox{-0.60275pt}{$\textstyle>$}}}{{\sim}}\,$}7.5$ . Only 6 of the 28 galaxies (blue symbols) are from the NCF or CLU NIRCam modul

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