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[论文解读] A strengthening model of particle-matrix interaction based on an axisymmetric strain gradient plasticity analysis

Mohammadali Asgharzadeh, Jonas Faleskog|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 15, 2021
Nonlocal and gradient elasticity in micro/nano structures参考文献 38被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于轴对称应变梯度塑性理论的闭式强化模型,用于颗粒增强金属,表明由弹性颗粒引起的塑性应变梯度可提升屈服强度。当颗粒间距小于材料长度尺度且体积分数低于10%时,该模型预测屈服应力显著增加,且与金属基复合材料的实验数据吻合良好。

ABSTRACT

Precipitation of fine particles into the base material of a metal is a potent strengthening mechanism. This is numerically analyzed within a continuum framework based on a higher order strain gradient plasticity theory and by use of an axi-symmetric unit cell model. The unit cell contains a spherical particle which is resilient to inelastic deformation and embedded in a homogeneous matrix material. An interface with special characteristics, that separates the particle from the matrix, plays a key role for the overall strengthening. Based on a systematic parametric study a closed form relation is deduced and proposed for the increase in the overall yield stress. This relation is limited to materials containing elastic particles with spacing smaller than the material length scale and volume fractions less than 10 $\%$. It these conditions are met, the plastic strain field in the material becomes essentially constant on the scale of particle spacing. The character of the solution suggests that this result is general despite the simplicity of the unit cell employed in the parametric study. Predictions from the closed form relation is compared with published experimental results, and good agreement is observed in some metal matrix composites and alloys. The influence of a mismatch in elastic modulus between particles and matrix is elucidated, and effects on post yield strain hardening are discussed.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种连续尺度的析出强化模型,以捕捉经典塑性理论无法涵盖的尺寸效应。
  • 研究在颗粒-基体界面处由几何必要位错(GNDs)引起的应变梯度对强化的贡献。
  • 基于微观结构参数,推导整体屈服应力增加的闭式解析关系式。
  • 在受控条件下,通过金属基复合材料和合金的实验结果验证该模型。
  • 考察弹性模量失配及屈服后加工硬化效应对强化的影响。

提出的方法

  • 采用轴对称单元胞模型,其中球形弹性颗粒嵌入均匀基体材料中。
  • 应用高阶应变梯度塑性(SGP)理论,其中塑性应变梯度代表几何必要位错(GNDs)。
  • 模型引入界面特征参数α₀,以控制颗粒-基体界面处塑性应变梯度的强度。
  • 对关键微观结构参数(颗粒间距Lp、体积分数f、弹性模量失配)进行参数化研究。
  • 采用黏塑性正则化方法获得率无关解,收敛性研究指导参数选择(n=2000,ε₀/ε_app=10)。
  • 网格收敛性研究证实了解的准确性,尤其在微硬界面条件下。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1当颗粒间距为亚微米级时,应变梯度塑性如何影响颗粒增强金属的整体屈服应力?
  • RQ2何种闭式解析表达式可预测由弹性颗粒周围GNDs引起的强化效应?
  • RQ3颗粒体积分数和间距如何影响所提模型的有效性与准确性?
  • RQ4颗粒与基体之间弹性模量失配在多大程度上影响强化与应变硬化?
  • RQ5该模型在真实金属基复合材料中的实验结果预测能力如何?

主要发现

  • 当颗粒间距小于材料长度尺度且体积分数低于10%时,模型预测屈服应力显著增加,此时在颗粒尺度上塑性应变场趋于空间均匀。
  • 推导出屈服应力增加的闭式关系式,显示其与颗粒间距成反比,并与颗粒半径的平方相关。
  • 该模型与多种金属基复合材料及合金的已发表实验数据具有良好一致性,尤其在低体积分数和小颗粒间距条件下。
  • 弹性模量失配的影响得到量化,结果表明失配越大,应变梯度越强,强化效果越显著。
  • 屈服后应变硬化受界面条件影响,微硬界面导致更强的应变梯度和更高的加工硬化率。
  • 收敛性研究证实,当界面处形成强应变梯度时,需采用高黏塑性指数(n=2000)和参考应变率比(ε₀/ε_app=10)以获得准确解。

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