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[论文解读] A Survey of Multi-Agent Human-Robot Interaction Systems

Abhinav Dahiya, Alexander Mois Aroyo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 10, 2022
Human-Automation Interaction and Safety被引用 8
一句话总结

本综述通过识别三个核心方面——团队结构、交互风格和计算特性——提出了一套结构化框架,用于分析多智能体人机交互(HRI)系统,采用五项关键属性:团队规模、团队构成、交互模型、通信模式和机器人控制。该综述强调了在多人、多机器人系统中安全、可扩展性和透明性方面的关键挑战,并呼吁加强对异构团队中人类行为理解的深入研究。

ABSTRACT

This article presents a survey of literature in the area of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), specifically on systems containing more than two agents (i.e., having multiple humans and/or multiple robots). We identify three core aspects of ``Multi-agent" HRI systems that are useful for understanding how these systems differ from dyadic systems and from one another. These are the Team structure, Interaction style among agents, and the system's Computational characteristics. Under these core aspects, we present five attributes of HRI systems, namely Team size, Team composition, Interaction model, Communication modalities, and Robot control. These attributes are used to characterize and distinguish one system from another. We populate resulting categories with examples from recent literature along with a brief discussion of their applications and analyze how these attributes differ from the case of dyadic human-robot systems. We summarize key observations from the current literature, and identify challenges and promising areas for future research in this domain. In order to realize the vision of robots being part of the society and interacting seamlessly with humans, there is a need to expand research on multi-human -- multi-robot systems. Not only do these systems require coordination among several agents, they also involve multi-agent and indirect interactions which are absent from dyadic HRI systems. Adding multiple agents in HRI systems requires advanced interaction schemes, behavior understanding and control methods to allow natural interactions among humans and robots. In addition, research on human behavioral understanding in mixed human-robot teams also requires more attention. This will help formulate and implement effective robot control policies in HRI systems with large numbers of heterogeneous robots and humans; a team composition reflecting many real-world scenarios.

研究动机与目标

  • 将现有研究在多智能体HRI系统中的成果进行组织与分类,超越传统的二元交互模式。
  • 识别二元与多智能体HRI系统在结构与功能上的核心差异。
  • 突出多智能体人机团队中安全、可扩展性和透明性等关键挑战。
  • 倡导加强对异构人机团队中人类行为理解的研究。
  • 为比较和推进未来多智能体HRI研究提供标准化框架。

提出的方法

  • 作者定义了多智能体HRI的三个核心方面:团队结构、交互风格和计算特性,以系统化地对各类系统进行分类。
  • 使用五项关键属性——团队规模、团队构成、交互模型、通信模式和机器人控制——来表征和比较现有系统。
  • 引入一种基于图的交互模型表示方法,其中节点代表智能体,有向边表示信息流动。
  • 综述分析了2015年至2023年的文献,重点关注多智能体HRI中的实际应用与理论框架。
  • 将该框架应用于对机器人辅助建筑任务、多机器人控制及协作式人机团队等系统的分类。
  • 通过主题分析评估多智能体环境中的安全、可扩展性和透明性挑战。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1多智能体HRI系统在结构与功能上如何区别于二元人机交互系统?
  • RQ2哪些关键属性能够区分不同的多智能体HRI系统?
  • RQ3交互模型与通信模式如何影响多智能体HRI中的协调与性能?
  • RQ4在多智能体HRI系统中,确保安全、可扩展性和透明性的主要挑战是什么?
  • RQ5如何在异构人机团队中提升对人类行为的理解?

主要发现

  • 由于存在间接交互与多智能体交互,多智能体HRI系统在协调、行为理解与控制策略方面比二元系统要求更高。
  • 现有安全框架多聚焦于机器人规避人类,但协作任务需要安全的共同操作与共享工作空间运行。
  • 可扩展性仍是主要挑战,大多数理论解决方案尚未在包含真实人类与机器人的实际系统中得到验证。
  • 决策透明性与运动可读性可提升信任与性能,但相关研究在异构人机团队中仍显不足。
  • 当前关于透明性与意图识别的研究主要局限于单机器人或同质机器人团队,极少有研究涉及混合团队。
  • 所提出的框架可实现对多智能体HRI系统的系统性比较,并揭示在建模、控制与行为理解方面的研究空白。

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